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如何在Java中测试（junit）输入键盘

发布于 2024-09-15 15:17:29 字数 54 浏览 6 评论 0原文

我需要用Java为输入键盘制作一个测试单元，有什么方法可以轻松做到吗？

谢谢。

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時窥 2024-09-22 15:17:29

分解出读取键盘的代码，使其成为一个接口。然后创建两个实现，一个用于生产，它执行“真正的”Java 代码来读取键盘；另一个用于生产。第二个可以从代码中访问，特别是从 JUnit 测试中。

使用后者，您的测试可以“键入”所需的任何输入。

已添加：

这不是有效的代码，我是凭空打出来的！这也只是实现此目的的一种方法：下面的 gpampara 方法可以让您的自己的 Streams 也可以工作。这取决于您的测试需求。

首先创建一个接口，

public interface Keyboard
{
    public int getInt() ;
}

然后是“真正的”实现：

public class RealKeyboard
   implements Keyboard
{
    // I haven't done Java keyboard reading in ages, so this is
    //  likely not how to do it, but you should get the idea
    private BufferedReader __r ;

    public RealKeyboard( BufferedReader r )
    {
         __r = r ;
    }

    public int getInt()
    {
         // whatever you need to do with __r
    }
}

然后这是一个可能的测试实现：

public class TestKeyboard
   implements Keyboard
{
    private int __value ;

    public TestKeyboard( int value )
    {
        __value = value ;
    }

    public int getInt()
    {
        return __value ;
    }
}

这当然将始终返回相同的值，这可能不是您想要的。您可以使用 setInt() 方法进行实现，以便您的测试类可以在测试期间设置值，或者您可以将值列表传递给构造函数，然后按顺序返回每个值。取决于你需要测试什么。

然后，您的调用代码只需传递其中之一：

public class SomeConsumer
{
    private Keyboard __k ;

    public SomeConsumer( Keyboard k )
    { 
          __k = k ;
    }

    // use it in your methods...
}

您可以使用 Spring 来注入它，或者只是将其硬编码到您的“生产”代码中。但在您的测试中，您可以传递您的测试实现之一。

Factor out the code that reads the keyboard, make it an interface. Then create two implementations, one for production which does the "real" Java code to read the keyboard; the second can be accessed from code, in particular from your JUnit test.

Using the latter, your test can "type" whatever input is needed.

Added:

This is not valid code, I'm typing it off the top of my head! This is also just one way to do it: gpampara's approach below to make your own Streams would also work. It depends on your testing needs.

First make an interface

public interface Keyboard
{
    public int getInt() ;
}

Then the "real" implemention:

public class RealKeyboard
   implements Keyboard
{
    // I haven't done Java keyboard reading in ages, so this is
    //  likely not how to do it, but you should get the idea
    private BufferedReader __r ;

    public RealKeyboard( BufferedReader r )
    {
         __r = r ;
    }

    public int getInt()
    {
         // whatever you need to do with __r
    }
}

Then here's one possible test implementation:

public class TestKeyboard
   implements Keyboard
{
    private int __value ;

    public TestKeyboard( int value )
    {
        __value = value ;
    }

    public int getInt()
    {
        return __value ;
    }
}

This of course will always return the same value, which probably isn't what you want. You could do an implementation with a setInt() method, so that your test class could set the value during the test, or you could pass in a list of values to the constructor, and return each in sequence. Depends on what you need to test.

Then your calling code is simply passed one of these:

public class SomeConsumer
{
    private Keyboard __k ;

    public SomeConsumer( Keyboard k )
    { 
          __k = k ;
    }

    // use it in your methods...
}

You could use Spring to inject it, or just hard-code it in your "production" code. But in your tests you can pass in one of your test implementations.

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