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用 PHP 重写 Rijndael 256 C# 加密代码

发布于 2024-09-14 22:03:38 字数 4725 浏览 7 评论 0 原文

我有一个用 C# 编写的加密/解密算法 - 我需要能够在 PHP 中生成相同的加密，以便我可以通过 HTTP 发送加密文本以在 C# 端解密。这是用于加密的 C# 代码。

this.m_plainText = string.Empty;
this.m_passPhrase = "passpharse";
this.m_saltValue = "saltvalue";
this.m_hashAlgorithm = "SHA1";
this.m_passwordIterations = 2;
this.m_initVector = "1a2b3c4d5e6f7g8h";
this.m_keySize = 256;

public string Encrypt()
{
    string plainText = this.m_plainText;
    string passPhrase = this.m_passPhrase;
    string saltValue = this.m_saltValue;
    string hashAlgorithm = this.m_hashAlgorithm;
    int passwordIterations = this.m_passwordIterations;
    string initVector = this.m_initVector;
    int keySize = this.m_keySize;

    // Convert strings into byte arrays.
    // Let us assume that strings only contain ASCII codes.
    // If strings include Unicode characters, use Unicode, UTF7, or UTF8 
    // encoding.
    byte[] initVectorBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(initVector);
    byte[] saltValueBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(saltValue);

    // Convert our plaintext into a byte array.
    // Let us assume that plaintext contains UTF8-encoded characters.
    byte[] plainTextBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(plainText);

    // First, we must create a password, from which the key will be derived.
    // This password will be generated from the specified passphrase and 
    // salt value. The password will be created using the specified hash 
    // algorithm. Password creation can be done in several iterations.
    PasswordDeriveBytes password = new PasswordDeriveBytes(
                                                    passPhrase,
                                                    saltValueBytes,
                                                    hashAlgorithm,
                                                    passwordIterations);

    // Use the password to generate pseudo-random bytes for the encryption
    // key. Specify the size of the key in bytes (instead of bits).
    byte[] keyBytes = password.GetBytes(keySize / 8);

    // Create uninitialized Rijndael encryption object.
    RijndaelManaged symmetricKey = new RijndaelManaged();

    // It is reasonable to set encryption mode to Cipher Block Chaining
    // (CBC). Use default options for other symmetric key parameters.
    symmetricKey.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;

    // Generate encryptor from the existing key bytes and initialization 
    // vector. Key size will be defined based on the number of the key 
    // bytes.
    ICryptoTransform encryptor = symmetricKey.CreateEncryptor(
                                                     keyBytes,
                                                     initVectorBytes);

    // Define memory stream which will be used to hold encrypted data.
    MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();

    // Define cryptographic stream (always use Write mode for encryption).
    CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream,
                                                 encryptor,
                                                 CryptoStreamMode.Write);
    // Start encrypting.
    cryptoStream.Write(plainTextBytes, 0, plainTextBytes.Length);

    // Finish encrypting.
    cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock();

    // Convert our encrypted data from a memory stream into a byte array.
    byte[] cipherTextBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();

    // Close both streams.
    memoryStream.Close();
    cryptoStream.Close();

    // Convert encrypted data into a base64-encoded string.
    string cipherText = Convert.ToBase64String(cipherTextBytes);

    // Return encrypted string.
    return cipherText;
}

我有一些类似的 PHP 代码可能会有所帮助。它并不完全符合需要，但我认为这可能是一个很好的起点。

<?php

/*
 * DEFINE CONSTANTS
 */
$HashPassPhrase = "passpharse";
$HashSalt = "saltvalue";
$HashAlgorithm = "SHA1";
$HashIterations = "2";
$InitVector = "1a2b3c4d5e6f7g8h";        // Must be 16 bytes
$keySize = "256";

class Cipher {
    private $securekey, $iv;
    function __construct($textkey) {
        $this->securekey = hash($HashAlgorithm,$textkey,TRUE);
        $this->iv = $InitVector;
    }
    function encrypt($input) {
        return base64_encode(mcrypt_encrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $this->securekey, $input, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC, $this->iv));
    }
    function decrypt($input) {
        return trim(mcrypt_decrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $this->securekey, base64_decode($input), MCRYPT_MODE_CBC, $this->iv));
    }
}

$cipher = new Cipher($HashPassPhrase);

$encryptedtext = $cipher->encrypt("Text To Encrypt");
echo "->encrypt = $encryptedtext<br />";

$decryptedtext = $cipher->decrypt($encryptedtext);
echo "->decrypt = $decryptedtext<br />";

var_dump($cipher);

？>

原文

I have an encryption/decryption algorithm written in C# - I need to be able to produce the same encryption in PHP so I can send the encrypted text over HTTP to be decrypted on the C# side.
Here is the C# code for the encryption.

this.m_plainText = string.Empty;
this.m_passPhrase = "passpharse";
this.m_saltValue = "saltvalue";
this.m_hashAlgorithm = "SHA1";
this.m_passwordIterations = 2;
this.m_initVector = "1a2b3c4d5e6f7g8h";
this.m_keySize = 256;

public string Encrypt()
{
    string plainText = this.m_plainText;
    string passPhrase = this.m_passPhrase;
    string saltValue = this.m_saltValue;
    string hashAlgorithm = this.m_hashAlgorithm;
    int passwordIterations = this.m_passwordIterations;
    string initVector = this.m_initVector;
    int keySize = this.m_keySize;

    // Convert strings into byte arrays.
    // Let us assume that strings only contain ASCII codes.
    // If strings include Unicode characters, use Unicode, UTF7, or UTF8 
    // encoding.
    byte[] initVectorBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(initVector);
    byte[] saltValueBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(saltValue);

    // Convert our plaintext into a byte array.
    // Let us assume that plaintext contains UTF8-encoded characters.
    byte[] plainTextBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(plainText);

    // First, we must create a password, from which the key will be derived.
    // This password will be generated from the specified passphrase and 
    // salt value. The password will be created using the specified hash 
    // algorithm. Password creation can be done in several iterations.
    PasswordDeriveBytes password = new PasswordDeriveBytes(
                                                    passPhrase,
                                                    saltValueBytes,
                                                    hashAlgorithm,
                                                    passwordIterations);

    // Use the password to generate pseudo-random bytes for the encryption
    // key. Specify the size of the key in bytes (instead of bits).
    byte[] keyBytes = password.GetBytes(keySize / 8);

    // Create uninitialized Rijndael encryption object.
    RijndaelManaged symmetricKey = new RijndaelManaged();

    // It is reasonable to set encryption mode to Cipher Block Chaining
    // (CBC). Use default options for other symmetric key parameters.
    symmetricKey.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;

    // Generate encryptor from the existing key bytes and initialization 
    // vector. Key size will be defined based on the number of the key 
    // bytes.
    ICryptoTransform encryptor = symmetricKey.CreateEncryptor(
                                                     keyBytes,
                                                     initVectorBytes);

    // Define memory stream which will be used to hold encrypted data.
    MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();

    // Define cryptographic stream (always use Write mode for encryption).
    CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream,
                                                 encryptor,
                                                 CryptoStreamMode.Write);
    // Start encrypting.
    cryptoStream.Write(plainTextBytes, 0, plainTextBytes.Length);

    // Finish encrypting.
    cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock();

    // Convert our encrypted data from a memory stream into a byte array.
    byte[] cipherTextBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();

    // Close both streams.
    memoryStream.Close();
    cryptoStream.Close();

    // Convert encrypted data into a base64-encoded string.
    string cipherText = Convert.ToBase64String(cipherTextBytes);

    // Return encrypted string.
    return cipherText;
}

I have some similar PHP code that may help. It doesn't do exactly as needed, but I think it may be a good place to start.

<?php

/*
 * DEFINE CONSTANTS
 */
$HashPassPhrase = "passpharse";
$HashSalt = "saltvalue";
$HashAlgorithm = "SHA1";
$HashIterations = "2";
$InitVector = "1a2b3c4d5e6f7g8h";        // Must be 16 bytes
$keySize = "256";

class Cipher {
    private $securekey, $iv;
    function __construct($textkey) {
        $this->securekey = hash($HashAlgorithm,$textkey,TRUE);
        $this->iv = $InitVector;
    }
    function encrypt($input) {
        return base64_encode(mcrypt_encrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $this->securekey, $input, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC, $this->iv));
    }
    function decrypt($input) {
        return trim(mcrypt_decrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $this->securekey, base64_decode($input), MCRYPT_MODE_CBC, $this->iv));
    }
}

$cipher = new Cipher($HashPassPhrase);

$encryptedtext = $cipher->encrypt("Text To Encrypt");
echo "->encrypt = $encryptedtext<br />";

$decryptedtext = $cipher->decrypt($encryptedtext);
echo "->decrypt = $decryptedtext<br />";

var_dump($cipher);

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深白境迁sunset 2024-09-21 22:03:38

您需要按照与 PasswordDeriveBytes。根据 RFC2898 记录，这是为了进行 PBKDF1 密钥派生：

该类使用了
PKCS#5 中定义的 PBKDF1 算法
v2.0 标准导出合适的字节
用作关键材料
密码。该标准已记录在案
在 IETF RRC 2898 中。

有一些 PHP 库可以实现 PBKDF1，但基于 RFC 从头开始编写一个库非常简单：

PBKDF1（P、S、c、dkLen）

选项：哈希
底层哈希函数

输入：P
密码，八位字节字符串
S salt，八个八位字节的字符串
c 迭代次数，正整数
dkLen 派生密钥的预期长度（以八位字节为单位），
正整数，MD2 最多为 16
或者
SHA-1 的 MD5 和 20

输出：DK 导出
key，一个 dkLen 八位字节字符串

步骤：
 1. 如果 dkLen > MD2 和 MD5 为 16，或 dkLen > 16 SHA-1 为 20，输出
     “派生密钥太长”并停止。

  2. 将底层哈希函数 Hash 迭代 c 次应用到
     将密码 P 和盐 S 连接起来，然后提取
     生成派生密钥 DK 的第一个 dkLen 八位字节：

               T_1 = 哈希 (P || S) ,
               T_2 = 哈希值 (T_1) ,
               ...
               T_c = 哈希值 (T_{c-1}) ,
               DK＝Tc＜0..dkLen-1＞

  3. 输出导出密钥DK。

已更新

当您发现自己处于这种情况时，您通常会搜索显示每个步骤的值的示例实现。例如 http://www.di-mgt.com.au/ cryptoKDFs.html#examplespbkdf：

Password = "password" 
         = (0x)70617373776F7264
Salt     = (0x)78578E5A5D63CB06
Count    = 1000
kLen     = 16
Key      = PBKDF1(Password, Salt, Count, kLen)
         = (0x)DC19847E05C64D2FAF10EBFB4A3D2A20

P || S = 70617373776F726478578E5A5D63CB06
T_1=     D1F94C4D447039B034494400F2E7DF9DCB67C308
T_2=     2BB479C1D369EA74BB976BBA2629744E8259C6F5
...
T_999=   6663F4611D61571068B5DA168974C6FF2C9775AC
T_1000=  DC19847E05C64D2FAF10EBFB4A3D2A20B4E35EFE
Key=     DC19847E05C64D2FAF10EBFB4A3D2A20

现在让我们编写一个 PHP 函数来执行此操作：

function PBKDF1($pass,$salt,$count,$dklen) { 
    $t = $pass.$salt;
    //echo 'S||P: '.bin2hex($t).'<br/>';
    $t = sha1($t, true); 
    //echo 'T1:' . bin2hex($t) . '<br/>';
    for($i=2; $i <= $count; $i++) { 
        $t = sha1($t, true); 
        //echo 'T'.$i.':' . bin2hex($t) . '<br/>';
    } 
    $t = substr($t,0,$dklen); 
    return $t;      
}

现在您可以看到您的方法的错误：您没有指定所有重要的 raw=true 参数sha1。让我们看看我们的函数输出是什么：

$HashPassPhrase = pack("H*","70617373776F7264");
$HashSalt = pack("H*","78578E5A5D63CB06"); 
$HashIterations = 1000; 
$devkeylength = 16; 
$devkey = PBKDF1($HashPassPhrase,$HashSalt,$HashIterations,$devkeylength);
echo 'Key:' . bin2hex(substr($devkey, 0, 8)) . '<br/>';
echo 'IV:' . bin2hex(substr($devkey, 8, 8)) .'<br/>';
echo 'Expected: DC19847E05C64D2FAF10EBFB4A3D2A20<br/>';

这个输出正是预期的结果：

Key:dc19847e05c64d2f
IV:af10ebfb4a3d2a20
Expected: DC19847E05C64D2FAF10EBFB4A3D2A20

接下来，我们可以验证 C# 函数是否执行相同的操作：

            byte[] password = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("password");
            byte[] salt = new byte[] { 0x78, 0x57, 0x8e, 0x5a, 0x5d, 0x63, 0xcb, 0x06};

            PasswordDeriveBytes pdb = new PasswordDeriveBytes(
                password, salt, "SHA1", 1000);

            byte[] key = pdb.GetBytes(8);
            byte[] iv = pdb.GetBytes(8);

            Console.Out.Write("Key: ");
            foreach (byte b in key)
            {
                Console.Out.Write("{0:x} ", b);
            }
            Console.Out.WriteLine();

            Console.Out.Write("IV: ");
            foreach (byte b in iv)
            {
                Console.Out.Write("{0:x} ", b);
            }
            Console.Out.WriteLine();

这会产生完全相同的输出：

Key: dc 19 84 7e 5 c6 4d 2f
IV: af 10 eb fb 4a 3d 2a 20

QED

额外说明

请不要这样做如果您确切不知道自己在做什么，请使用加密货币。即使您正确地实现了 PHP，您发布的 C# 代码也存在一些严重的问题。您将字节数组与代表十六进制转储的stirng混合在一起，您使用硬编码的IV而不是从密码和盐中派生它，这总体上是完全错误的。请使用现成的加密方案，例如 SSL 或 S-MIME，并且不要重新发明自己的方案。你会得到它错误。

You need to derive the key from the pass phrase the same way as the C# code does in the PasswordDeriveBytes. This is documented to do PBKDF1 key derivation, as per RFC2898:

This class uses an extension of the
PBKDF1 algorithm defined in the PKCS#5
v2.0 standard to derive bytes suitable
for use as key material from a
password. The standard is documented
in IETF RRC 2898.

there are PHP libraries that implement PBKDF1 out there, but is really simple to write one from scratch based ont he RFC:

PBKDF1 (P, S, c, dkLen)

Options: Hash
underlying hash function

Input: P
password, an octet string
S salt, an eight-octet string
c iteration count, a positive integer
dkLen intended length in octets of derived key,
a positive integer, at most 16 for MD2
or
MD5 and 20 for SHA-1

Output: DK derived
key, a dkLen-octet string

Steps:
  1. If dkLen > 16 for MD2 and MD5, or dkLen > 20 for SHA-1, output
     "derived key too long" and stop.

  2. Apply the underlying hash function Hash for c iterations to the
     concatenation of the password P and the salt S, then extract
     the first dkLen octets to produce a derived key DK:

               T_1 = Hash (P || S) ,
               T_2 = Hash (T_1) ,
               ...
               T_c = Hash (T_{c-1}) ,
               DK = Tc<0..dkLen-1>

  3. Output the derived key DK.

Updated

When you find youself in this situation, you usually search for an example implementaiton that shows the values at every step. for instance the one at http://www.di-mgt.com.au/cryptoKDFs.html#examplespbkdf:

Password = "password" 
         = (0x)70617373776F7264
Salt     = (0x)78578E5A5D63CB06
Count    = 1000
kLen     = 16
Key      = PBKDF1(Password, Salt, Count, kLen)
         = (0x)DC19847E05C64D2FAF10EBFB4A3D2A20

P || S = 70617373776F726478578E5A5D63CB06
T_1=     D1F94C4D447039B034494400F2E7DF9DCB67C308
T_2=     2BB479C1D369EA74BB976BBA2629744E8259C6F5
...
T_999=   6663F4611D61571068B5DA168974C6FF2C9775AC
T_1000=  DC19847E05C64D2FAF10EBFB4A3D2A20B4E35EFE
Key=     DC19847E05C64D2FAF10EBFB4A3D2A20

So now lets write a PHP function that does this:

function PBKDF1($pass,$salt,$count,$dklen) { 
    $t = $pass.$salt;
    //echo 'S||P: '.bin2hex($t).'<br/>';
    $t = sha1($t, true); 
    //echo 'T1:' . bin2hex($t) . '<br/>';
    for($i=2; $i <= $count; $i++) { 
        $t = sha1($t, true); 
        //echo 'T'.$i.':' . bin2hex($t) . '<br/>';
    } 
    $t = substr($t,0,$dklen); 
    return $t;      
}

Now you can see the errs of your ways: you did not specify the all important raw=true parameter to sha1. Lets see what is our function output:

$HashPassPhrase = pack("H*","70617373776F7264");
$HashSalt = pack("H*","78578E5A5D63CB06"); 
$HashIterations = 1000; 
$devkeylength = 16; 
$devkey = PBKDF1($HashPassPhrase,$HashSalt,$HashIterations,$devkeylength);
echo 'Key:' . bin2hex(substr($devkey, 0, 8)) . '<br/>';
echo 'IV:' . bin2hex(substr($devkey, 8, 8)) .'<br/>';
echo 'Expected: DC19847E05C64D2FAF10EBFB4A3D2A20<br/>';

this output exactly the expected result:

Key:dc19847e05c64d2f
IV:af10ebfb4a3d2a20
Expected: DC19847E05C64D2FAF10EBFB4A3D2A20

Next, we can validate that the C# function does the same:

            byte[] password = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("password");
            byte[] salt = new byte[] { 0x78, 0x57, 0x8e, 0x5a, 0x5d, 0x63, 0xcb, 0x06};

            PasswordDeriveBytes pdb = new PasswordDeriveBytes(
                password, salt, "SHA1", 1000);

            byte[] key = pdb.GetBytes(8);
            byte[] iv = pdb.GetBytes(8);

            Console.Out.Write("Key: ");
            foreach (byte b in key)
            {
                Console.Out.Write("{0:x} ", b);
            }
            Console.Out.WriteLine();

            Console.Out.Write("IV: ");
            foreach (byte b in iv)
            {
                Console.Out.Write("{0:x} ", b);
            }
            Console.Out.WriteLine();

this produces the very same output:

Key: dc 19 84 7e 5 c6 4d 2f
IV: af 10 eb fb 4a 3d 2a 20

QED

bonus explanation

Please don't do crypto if you don't know exactly what you're doing. Even after you get the PHP implementaiton correct, your posted C# code has some serious problems. You are mixing byte arrays with stirng representing hex dumps, you use a hard coded IV instead of deriving it from the passphrase and salt, is just overall plain wrong. Please use an off-the shelf encryption scheme, like SSL or S-MIME and do not re-invent your own. You will get it wrong.