W3C 最新官方推荐的用于 Web 开发的 HTML 和 CSS 版本是什么？
W3C 官方推荐的用于 Web 开发的最新 HTML 和 CSS 规范是什么？
是 XHTML 1.1 和 CSS 3 吗？
What are the latest HTML and CSS specifications officially recommended by the W3C for web development?
Is it XHTML 1.1 and CSS 3?
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HTML 4.01，XHTML 1.1 和 CSS level 2 都是 W3C 建议，每个标准的早期版本也是如此。
CSS level 2，修订版1（即CSS 2.1）仍然是候选建议，CSS level 3仍然是工作草案。 W3C 提供了一个方便的图表，显示其在 CSS 方面的进展。
正如您可能从建议上的日期看出的那样，W3C 使用的分类系统对于现实世界的应用程序来说几乎毫无意义。您最好参考 QuirksMode 之类的内容来明智地选择您要使用的技术。
HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.1, and CSS level 2 are all W3C Recommendations, as are earlier versions of each respective standard.
CSS level 2, revision 1 (i.e. CSS 2.1) is still a candidate recommendation, and CSS level 3 is still a working draft. The W3C provides a handy chart of its progress in CSS.
As you might be able to tell from the dates on the recommendations, the classification system the W3C uses is next to meaningless for real-world applications. You're better off referencing something like QuirksMode to make an informed choice about what technologies you want to use.
W3C 没有对 Web 开发的使用方式提出任何建议。他们指定标准并建议浏览器作者遵循这些标准。
您选择使用哪些标准进行 Web 开发取决于您的受众以及他们的浏览器预计支持的功能，以及所有访问者都可以使用网站上的所有功能的重要性。
因此，没有一套标准可以推荐用于所有类型的 Web 开发。
W3C doesn't do any recommendations for what to use for web development. They specify standards and recommend browser authors to follow them.
Which standards you choose to use for web development depends on your audience and what their browsers can be expected to support, and also how important it is that all visitors can use all functions on the site.
So, there is no single set of standards that can be recommended for all kinds of web development.
达到推荐状态的最新 HTML 和 CSS 版本是 HTML 4.01 和 CSS 2.0。
XHTML 1.1 也已达到推荐状态，但要实现这一目标还需要克服一些困难HTML 兼容（IE 支持所需）加上 HTML 4.01 提供的优势意味着大多数作者应该避免使用它。
CSS 2.1 已达到候选推荐状态，但应使用它而不是 CSS 2.0，因为它更好反映了浏览器的实际行为。 CSS 2.0 在规则更改为需要 2 个独立的、可互操作的规范实现才能进入推荐状态之前就达到了推荐状态。
CSS 3 是一组规范，但其本身并不是一个规范。其中许多已达到候选推荐状态，但支持范围远不及 CSS 2.1。
The latest HTML and CSS versions to reach Recommendation status are HTML 4.01 and CSS 2.0.
XHTML 1.1 has also reached Recommendation status, but the hoops you have to jump though to make it HTML compatible (required for IE support) combined with the benefits offered over HTML 4.01 mean that it should be avoided by most authors.
CSS 2.1 has reached Candidate Recommendation status, but should be used instead of CSS 2.0 because it better reflects what browsers actually do. CSS 2.0 reached recommendation status before the rules were changed to require 2 independent, interoperable implementations of a specification before it could advance to Recommendation status.
CSS 3 is a group of specifications, not a specification in its own right. A number of them have reached Candidate Recommendation status, but support is nowhere near as wide as for CSS 2.1.
我不认为 W3C 本身有“官方推荐”版本这样的东西，W3C 只是监督技术的标准化（正如有人提到的，CSS 2.1 仍然是候选推荐） ，但我们都使用它）。推荐和候选推荐的命名对于 W3C 之外的任何人来说基本上都是无用的，除非您是浏览器制造商或者可能是工具开发人员。
目前 W3C 推出的最新 Web 标准是 HTML5 和 CSS3。尽管您可能听说过 2022 年，但这两种标准目前都在广泛使用。这些标准是模块化的，因此浏览器可以专注于实现单个模块而不是整个标准（无论如何，这很少会发生）。 HTML5 还被设计为完全向后兼容，它基于对当今人们实际如何使用 HTML 的研究，而不是浏览器制造商希望您如何使用它。
这意味着您现在可以使用大部分标准。一些常见用法包括：
HTML5 文档类型：
使用默认值时省略链接和脚本中的类型：
在 CSS3 中，您可以使用诸如
border-radius或box-shadow等属性>，实现这些的浏览器将获得效果，而旧的浏览器只会看到方角，不知道有什么不同。这意味着 HTML5 和 CSS3 不是全有或全无的解决方案，请随意选择适合您的新部分并使用您习惯的其余部分，您的标记仍然完全有效并且工作正常。
I don't think there is such a thing as the W3C 'officially recommended' versions for day-to-day usage per se, the W3C is only there to oversee the standardization of technologies (as someone mentioned, CSS 2.1 is still candidate recommendation, but we all use it). The naming of Recommendation and Candidate Recommendation are essentially useless to anyone outside the W3C, unless you're a browser manufacturer or maybe a tools developer.
The latest web standards coming out of the W3C currently, are HTML5 and CSS3. Both are very much in use today, despite what you might hear about 2022. These standards are modular, so browsers can focus on implementing a single module rather than the whole standard (which rarely happens in its entirety anyway). HTML5 is also designed to be completely backwards compatible, and it based on research about how people are actually using HTML today, not how browser manufacturers might want you to be using it.
This means you can use much of the standards now. Some common usages include:
the HTML5 doctype:
omitting type from link and script when you are using the defaults:
In CSS3 you can use properties such as
border-radiusorbox-shadow, browsers which implement these will get the effects and older ones will just see square corners and not know any different.This means HTML5 and CSS3 are not all-or-nothing solutions, feel free to pick the new bits that work for you and use what you're used to for the rest, your markup will still be perfectly valid and work fine.
W3C 建议为
仍处于工作草案阶段为：
来源：http://www.w3.org/TR/
W3C Recommendation are
Still in Working Draft stage are:
Source: http://www.w3.org/TR/
据我所知，例如，W3C 不在 HTML 之前推荐 XHTML。它们都完全可以使用。
虽然我们真的很期待使用 HTML5，但有趣的是，在 2022。同样，在实践中 - 其中大部分可能会在不久的将来完全可用。尤其是当 IE9 完成后（应该很快就会完成）。其他浏览器每天都在实施和更新新规范。
As far as I know, W3C does not for instance recommend XHTML before HTML. Both of them are perfectly valid to use.
While we are really looking forward to use HTML5, the funny thing is it will probably not be an official recommendation before 2022. Again, in practice - most of it will probably be fully usable within not too long. Especially when IE9 is done (which it should be soon). The other browsers are implementing and updating the new specification every day.