如何判断一个点是在线的右侧还是左侧

发布于 2024-09-14 02:47:08 字数 278 浏览 16 评论 0原文

我有一组要点。我想将它们分成两个不同的集合。为此,我选择两个点(ab)并在它们之间绘制一条假想线。现在我想将这条线左边的所有点放在一组中,将这条线右边的点放在另一组中。

我如何判断任何给定点z它是在左边还是在右边?我尝试计算 azb 之间的角度 - 小于 180 的角度在右侧,大于 180 的角度在左侧 - 但由于 ArcCos 的定义,计算出的角度总是较小大于180°。是否有计算大于 180° 的角度的公式(或选择右侧或左侧的任何其他公式)?

I have a set of points. I want to separate them into 2 distinct sets. To do this, I choose two points (a and b) and draw an imaginary line between them. Now I want to have all points that are left from this line in one set and those that are right from this line in the other set.

How can I tell for any given point z whether it is in the left or in the right set? I tried to calculate the angle between a-z-b – angles smaller than 180 are on the right hand side, greater than 180 on the left hand side – but because of the definition of ArcCos, the calculated angles are always smaller than 180°. Is there a formula to calculate angles greater than 180° (or any other formula to chose right or left side)?

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陌路黄昏 2024-09-21 02:47:08

尝试使用交叉积的代码。给定直线 a--b 和点 c:

public bool isLeft(Point a, Point b, Point c) {
  return (b.x - a.x)*(c.y - a.y) - (b.y - a.y)*(c.x - a.x) > 0;
}

如果公式等于 0,则这些点共线(c 与 a--b 对齐)。

如果线是水平的,则如果点位于线上方,则返回 true。

Try this code which makes use of a cross product. Given a line a--b and point c:

public bool isLeft(Point a, Point b, Point c) {
  return (b.x - a.x)*(c.y - a.y) - (b.y - a.y)*(c.x - a.x) > 0;
}

If the formula is equal to 0, the points are colinear (c lines up with a--b).

If the line is horizontal, then this returns true if the point is above the line.

听风吹 2024-09-21 02:47:08

使用向量行列式的符号(AB,AM),其中M(X,Y)是查询点:

position = sign((Bx - Ax) * (Y - Ay) - (By - Ay) * (X - Ax))

它是0在线上,+1 位于一侧,-1 位于另一侧。

Use the sign of the determinant of vectors (AB,AM), where M(X,Y) is the query point:

position = sign((Bx - Ax) * (Y - Ay) - (By - Ay) * (X - Ax))

It is 0 on the line, and +1 on one side, -1 on the other side.

绿光 2024-09-21 02:47:08

您查看 的行列式的符号,

| x2-x1  x3-x1 |
| y2-y1  y3-y1 |

对于一侧的点,它为正,而在另一侧,则为负(对于直线本身上的点,它为零)。

You look at the sign of the determinant of

| x2-x1  x3-x1 |
| y2-y1  y3-y1 |

It will be positive for points on one side, and negative on the other (and zero for points on the line itself).

岁吢 2024-09-21 02:47:08

向量 (y1 - y2, x2 - x1) 垂直于直线,并且始终指向右侧(或者始终指向左侧,如果您的平面方向与我的不同)。

然后,您可以计算该向量与 (x3 - x1, y3 - y1) 的点积,以确定该点是否与垂直向量位于直线的同一侧(点积 > <代码>0)或不。

The vector (y1 - y2, x2 - x1) is perpendicular to the line, and always pointing right (or always pointing left, if you plane orientation is different from mine).

You can then compute the dot product of that vector and (x3 - x1, y3 - y1) to determine if the point lies on the same side of the line as the perpendicular vector (dot product > 0) or not.

萌无敌 2024-09-21 02:47:08

使用直线方程 ab,获取 x 坐标与要排序的点具有相同 y 坐标的线。

  • 如果点 x >线的 x,该点位于该线的右侧。
  • 如果点的
    x <线的 x,该点位于该线的左侧。
  • 如果点的 x == 线的 x,则该点在线上。

Using the equation of the line ab, get the x-coordinate on the line at the same y-coordinate as the point to be sorted.

  • If point's x > line's x, the point is to the right of the line.
  • If point's
    x < line's x, the point is to the left of the line.
  • If point's x == line's x, the point is on the line.
比忠 2024-09-21 02:47:08

我在 java 中实现了这个并运行了单元测试(来源如下)。上述解决方案均无效。这段代码通过了单元测试。如果有人发现单元测试未通过,请告诉我。

代码: 注意:如果两个数字非常接近,nearlyEqual(double,double) 返回 true。

/*
 * @return integer code for which side of the line ab c is on.  1 means
 * left turn, -1 means right turn.  Returns
 * 0 if all three are on a line
 */
public static int findSide(
        double ax, double ay, 
        double bx, double by,
        double cx, double cy) {
    if (nearlyEqual(bx-ax,0)) { // vertical line
        if (cx < bx) {
            return by > ay ? 1 : -1;
        }
        if (cx > bx) {
            return by > ay ? -1 : 1;
        } 
        return 0;
    }
    if (nearlyEqual(by-ay,0)) { // horizontal line
        if (cy < by) {
            return bx > ax ? -1 : 1;
        }
        if (cy > by) {
            return bx > ax ? 1 : -1;
        } 
        return 0;
    }
    double slope = (by - ay) / (bx - ax);
    double yIntercept = ay - ax * slope;
    double cSolution = (slope*cx) + yIntercept;
    if (slope != 0) {
        if (cy > cSolution) {
            return bx > ax ? 1 : -1;
        }
        if (cy < cSolution) {
            return bx > ax ? -1 : 1;
        }
        return 0;
    }
    return 0;
}

这是单元测试:

@Test public void testFindSide() {
    assertTrue("1", 1 == Utility.findSide(1, 0, 0, 0, -1, -1));
    assertTrue("1.1", 1 == Utility.findSide(25, 0, 0, 0, -1, -14));
    assertTrue("1.2", 1 == Utility.findSide(25, 20, 0, 20, -1, 6));
    assertTrue("1.3", 1 == Utility.findSide(24, 20, -1, 20, -2, 6));

    assertTrue("-1", -1 == Utility.findSide(1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1));
    assertTrue("-1.1", -1 == Utility.findSide(12, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1));
    assertTrue("-1.2", -1 == Utility.findSide(-25, 0, 0, 0, -1, -14));
    assertTrue("-1.3", -1 == Utility.findSide(1, 0.5, 0, 0, 1, 1));

    assertTrue("2.1", -1 == Utility.findSide(0,5, 1,10, 10,20));
    assertTrue("2.2", 1 == Utility.findSide(0,9.1, 1,10, 10,20));
    assertTrue("2.3", -1 == Utility.findSide(0,5, 1,10, 20,10));
    assertTrue("2.4", -1 == Utility.findSide(0,9.1, 1,10, 20,10));

    assertTrue("vertical 1", 1 == Utility.findSide(1,1, 1,10, 0,0));
    assertTrue("vertical 2", -1 == Utility.findSide(1,10, 1,1, 0,0));
    assertTrue("vertical 3", -1 == Utility.findSide(1,1, 1,10, 5,0));
    assertTrue("vertical 3", 1 == Utility.findSide(1,10, 1,1, 5,0));

    assertTrue("horizontal 1", 1 == Utility.findSide(1,-1, 10,-1, 0,0));
    assertTrue("horizontal 2", -1 == Utility.findSide(10,-1, 1,-1, 0,0));
    assertTrue("horizontal 3", -1 == Utility.findSide(1,-1, 10,-1, 0,-9));
    assertTrue("horizontal 4", 1 == Utility.findSide(10,-1, 1,-1, 0,-9));

    assertTrue("positive slope 1", 1 == Utility.findSide(0,0, 10,10, 1,2));
    assertTrue("positive slope 2", -1 == Utility.findSide(10,10, 0,0, 1,2));
    assertTrue("positive slope 3", -1 == Utility.findSide(0,0, 10,10, 1,0));
    assertTrue("positive slope 4", 1 == Utility.findSide(10,10, 0,0, 1,0));

    assertTrue("negative slope 1", -1 == Utility.findSide(0,0, -10,10, 1,2));
    assertTrue("negative slope 2", -1 == Utility.findSide(0,0, -10,10, 1,2));
    assertTrue("negative slope 3", 1 == Utility.findSide(0,0, -10,10, -1,-2));
    assertTrue("negative slope 4", -1 == Utility.findSide(-10,10, 0,0, -1,-2));

    assertTrue("0", 0 == Utility.findSide(1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0));
    assertTrue("1", 0 == Utility.findSide(0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
    assertTrue("2", 0 == Utility.findSide(0,0, 0,1, 0,2));
    assertTrue("3", 0 == Utility.findSide(0,0, 2,0, 1,0));
    assertTrue("4", 0 == Utility.findSide(1, -2, 0, 0, -1, 2));
}

I implemented this in java and ran a unit test (source below). None of the above solutions work. This code passes the unit test. If anyone finds a unit test that does not pass, please let me know.

Code: NOTE: nearlyEqual(double,double) returns true if the two numbers are very close.

/*
 * @return integer code for which side of the line ab c is on.  1 means
 * left turn, -1 means right turn.  Returns
 * 0 if all three are on a line
 */
public static int findSide(
        double ax, double ay, 
        double bx, double by,
        double cx, double cy) {
    if (nearlyEqual(bx-ax,0)) { // vertical line
        if (cx < bx) {
            return by > ay ? 1 : -1;
        }
        if (cx > bx) {
            return by > ay ? -1 : 1;
        } 
        return 0;
    }
    if (nearlyEqual(by-ay,0)) { // horizontal line
        if (cy < by) {
            return bx > ax ? -1 : 1;
        }
        if (cy > by) {
            return bx > ax ? 1 : -1;
        } 
        return 0;
    }
    double slope = (by - ay) / (bx - ax);
    double yIntercept = ay - ax * slope;
    double cSolution = (slope*cx) + yIntercept;
    if (slope != 0) {
        if (cy > cSolution) {
            return bx > ax ? 1 : -1;
        }
        if (cy < cSolution) {
            return bx > ax ? -1 : 1;
        }
        return 0;
    }
    return 0;
}

Here's the unit test:

@Test public void testFindSide() {
    assertTrue("1", 1 == Utility.findSide(1, 0, 0, 0, -1, -1));
    assertTrue("1.1", 1 == Utility.findSide(25, 0, 0, 0, -1, -14));
    assertTrue("1.2", 1 == Utility.findSide(25, 20, 0, 20, -1, 6));
    assertTrue("1.3", 1 == Utility.findSide(24, 20, -1, 20, -2, 6));

    assertTrue("-1", -1 == Utility.findSide(1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1));
    assertTrue("-1.1", -1 == Utility.findSide(12, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1));
    assertTrue("-1.2", -1 == Utility.findSide(-25, 0, 0, 0, -1, -14));
    assertTrue("-1.3", -1 == Utility.findSide(1, 0.5, 0, 0, 1, 1));

    assertTrue("2.1", -1 == Utility.findSide(0,5, 1,10, 10,20));
    assertTrue("2.2", 1 == Utility.findSide(0,9.1, 1,10, 10,20));
    assertTrue("2.3", -1 == Utility.findSide(0,5, 1,10, 20,10));
    assertTrue("2.4", -1 == Utility.findSide(0,9.1, 1,10, 20,10));

    assertTrue("vertical 1", 1 == Utility.findSide(1,1, 1,10, 0,0));
    assertTrue("vertical 2", -1 == Utility.findSide(1,10, 1,1, 0,0));
    assertTrue("vertical 3", -1 == Utility.findSide(1,1, 1,10, 5,0));
    assertTrue("vertical 3", 1 == Utility.findSide(1,10, 1,1, 5,0));

    assertTrue("horizontal 1", 1 == Utility.findSide(1,-1, 10,-1, 0,0));
    assertTrue("horizontal 2", -1 == Utility.findSide(10,-1, 1,-1, 0,0));
    assertTrue("horizontal 3", -1 == Utility.findSide(1,-1, 10,-1, 0,-9));
    assertTrue("horizontal 4", 1 == Utility.findSide(10,-1, 1,-1, 0,-9));

    assertTrue("positive slope 1", 1 == Utility.findSide(0,0, 10,10, 1,2));
    assertTrue("positive slope 2", -1 == Utility.findSide(10,10, 0,0, 1,2));
    assertTrue("positive slope 3", -1 == Utility.findSide(0,0, 10,10, 1,0));
    assertTrue("positive slope 4", 1 == Utility.findSide(10,10, 0,0, 1,0));

    assertTrue("negative slope 1", -1 == Utility.findSide(0,0, -10,10, 1,2));
    assertTrue("negative slope 2", -1 == Utility.findSide(0,0, -10,10, 1,2));
    assertTrue("negative slope 3", 1 == Utility.findSide(0,0, -10,10, -1,-2));
    assertTrue("negative slope 4", -1 == Utility.findSide(-10,10, 0,0, -1,-2));

    assertTrue("0", 0 == Utility.findSide(1, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0));
    assertTrue("1", 0 == Utility.findSide(0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
    assertTrue("2", 0 == Utility.findSide(0,0, 0,1, 0,2));
    assertTrue("3", 0 == Utility.findSide(0,0, 2,0, 1,0));
    assertTrue("4", 0 == Utility.findSide(1, -2, 0, 0, -1, 2));
}
浅黛梨妆こ 2024-09-21 02:47:08

我想提供一个受物理学启发的解决方案。

想象一下沿线施加的力,并且您正在测量该点周围的力的扭矩。如果扭矩为正(逆时针),则该点位于线的“左侧”,但如果扭矩为负,则该点位于线的“右侧”。

因此,如果力矢量等于定义线的两个点的跨度,

fx = x_2 - x_1
fy = y_2 - y_1

则根据以下测试的符号来测试点 (px,py) 的侧面

var torque = fx*(py-y_1)-fy*(px-x_1)
if  torque>0  then
     "point on left side"
else if torque <0 then
     "point on right side"  
else
     "point on line"
end if

I wanted to provide with a solution inspired by physics.

Imagine a force applied along the line and you are measuring the torque of the force about the point. If the torque is positive (counterclockwise) then the point is to the "left" of the line, but if the torque is negative the point is the "right" of the line.

So if the force vector equals the span of the two points defining the line

fx = x_2 - x_1
fy = y_2 - y_1

you test for the side of a point (px,py) based on the sign of the following test

var torque = fx*(py-y_1)-fy*(px-x_1)
if  torque>0  then
     "point on left side"
else if torque <0 then
     "point on right side"  
else
     "point on line"
end if
老旧海报 2024-09-21 02:47:08

首先检查是否有垂直线:

if (x2-x1) == 0
  if x3 < x2
     it's on the left
  if x3 > x2
     it's on the right
  else
     it's on the line

然后,计算斜率:m = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)

然后,使用点斜率形式创建直线方程:y - y1 = m*(x-x1) + y1。为了便于解释,将其简化为斜截形式(在您的算法中不是必需的):y = mx+b

现在为 xy 插入 (x3, y3)。这是一些伪代码,详细说明了应该发生的情况:

if m > 0
  if y3 > m*x3 + b
    it's on the left
  else if y3 < m*x3 + b
    it's on the right
  else
    it's on the line
else if m < 0
  if y3 < m*x3 + b
    it's on the left
  if y3 > m*x3+b
    it's on the right
  else
    it's on the line
else
  horizontal line; up to you what you do

First check if you have a vertical line:

if (x2-x1) == 0
  if x3 < x2
     it's on the left
  if x3 > x2
     it's on the right
  else
     it's on the line

Then, calculate the slope: m = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1)

Then, create an equation of the line using point slope form: y - y1 = m*(x-x1) + y1. For the sake of my explanation, simplify it to slope-intercept form (not necessary in your algorithm): y = mx+b.

Now plug in (x3, y3) for x and y. Here is some pseudocode detailing what should happen:

if m > 0
  if y3 > m*x3 + b
    it's on the left
  else if y3 < m*x3 + b
    it's on the right
  else
    it's on the line
else if m < 0
  if y3 < m*x3 + b
    it's on the left
  if y3 > m*x3+b
    it's on the right
  else
    it's on the line
else
  horizontal line; up to you what you do
停滞 2024-09-21 02:47:08

假设点是 (Ax,Ay) (Bx,By) 和 (Cx,Cy),则需要计算:

(Bx - Ax) * (Cy - Ay) - (By - Ay) * (Cx - Ax)

这如果 C 点位于 A 点和 B 点形成的直线上,则该值为零,并且根据边的不同,其符号也不同。这是哪一侧取决于 (x,y) 坐标的方向,但您可以将 A、B 和 C 的测试值代入此公式中,以确定负值是在左侧还是在右侧。

Assuming the points are (Ax,Ay) (Bx,By) and (Cx,Cy), you need to compute:

(Bx - Ax) * (Cy - Ay) - (By - Ay) * (Cx - Ax)

This will equal zero if the point C is on the line formed by points A and B, and will have a different sign depending on the side. Which side this is depends on the orientation of your (x,y) coordinates, but you can plug test values for A,B and C into this formula to determine whether negative values are to the left or to the right.

甜是你 2024-09-21 02:47:08

基本上,我认为有一个更容易和直接的解决方案,对于任何给定的多边形,假设由四个顶点(p1,p2,p3,p4)组成,找到多边形中两个极端相对的顶点,在另一个换句话说,找到例如最左上角的顶点(比方说 p1)和位于最右下角的相反顶点(比方说 )。因此,给定您的测试点 C(x,y),现在您必须在 C 和 p1 以及 C 和 p4 之间进行双重检查

: p1x 和 cy > p1y==>表示 C 低于 p1 且位于 p1 的右侧
下一个
如果 cx < p2x AND cy < p2y==>意味着C在p4结论的左上方

,C在矩形内部。

谢谢 :)

basically, I think that there is a solution which is much easier and straight forward, for any given polygon, lets say consist of four vertices(p1,p2,p3,p4), find the two extreme opposite vertices in the polygon, in another words, find the for example the most top left vertex (lets say p1) and the opposite vertex which is located at most bottom right (lets say ). Hence, given your testing point C(x,y), now you have to make double check between C and p1 and C and p4:

if cx > p1x AND cy > p1y ==> means that C is lower and to right of p1
next
if cx < p2x AND cy < p2y ==> means that C is upper and to left of p4

conclusion, C is inside the rectangle.

Thanks :)

献世佛 2024-09-21 02:47:08

@AVB 在 ruby​​ 中的答案

det = Matrix[
  [(x2 - x1), (x3 - x1)],
  [(y2 - y1), (y3 - y1)]
].determinant

如果 det 为正则其上方,如果为负则其下方。如果为0,则上线。

@AVB's answer in ruby

det = Matrix[
  [(x2 - x1), (x3 - x1)],
  [(y2 - y1), (y3 - y1)]
].determinant

If det is positive its above, if negative its below. If 0, its on the line.

心的位置 2024-09-21 02:47:08

这是一个版本,再次使用跨积逻辑,用 Clojure 编写。

(defn is-left? [line point]
  (let [[[x1 y1] [x2 y2]] (sort line)
        [x-pt y-pt] point]
    (> (* (- x2 x1) (- y-pt y1)) (* (- y2 y1) (- x-pt x1)))))

用法示例:

(is-left? [[-3 -1] [3 1]] [0 10])
true

也就是说,点 (0, 10) 位于 (-3, -1) 和 (3, 1) 确定的直线的左侧。

注意:这个实现解决了其他任何一个(到目前为止)都没有解决的问题!当给出决定线的点时,顺序很重要。即,从某种意义上说,它是一条“有向线”。因此,对于上面的代码,此调用也会产生 true 的结果:

(is-left? [[3 1] [-3 -1]] [0 10])
true

这是因为以下代码片段:

(sort line)

最后,与其他基于交叉乘积的解决方案一样,此解决方案返回一个布尔值,并且不返回一个布尔值。给出共线性的第三个结果。但它会给出一个有意义的结果,例如:

(is-left? [[1 1] [3 1]] [10 1])
false

Here's a version, again using the cross product logic, written in Clojure.

(defn is-left? [line point]
  (let [[[x1 y1] [x2 y2]] (sort line)
        [x-pt y-pt] point]
    (> (* (- x2 x1) (- y-pt y1)) (* (- y2 y1) (- x-pt x1)))))

Example usage:

(is-left? [[-3 -1] [3 1]] [0 10])
true

Which is to say that the point (0, 10) is to the left of the line determined by (-3, -1) and (3, 1).

NOTE: This implementation solves a problem that none of the others (so far) does! Order matters when giving the points that determine the line. I.e., it's a "directed line", in a certain sense. So with the above code, this invocation also produces the result of true:

(is-left? [[3 1] [-3 -1]] [0 10])
true

That's because of this snippet of code:

(sort line)

Finally, as with the other cross product based solutions, this solution returns a boolean, and does not give a third result for collinearity. But it will give a result that makes sense, e.g.:

(is-left? [[1 1] [3 1]] [10 1])
false
度的依靠╰つ 2024-09-21 02:47:08

现有解决方案的问题:

虽然我发现 Eric Bainville 的答案是正确的,但我发现它完全不足以理解:

  • 两个向量如何具有行列式?我认为这适用于矩阵?
  • 什么是符号
  • 如何将两个向量转换为矩阵?

position = sign((Bx - Ax) * (Y - Ay) - (By - Ay) * (X - Ax))

  • Bx 是什么?
  • Y 是什么? Y 不是应该是向量,而不是标量吗?
  • 为什么解决方案是正确的 - 其背后的推理是什么?

此外,我的用例涉及复杂曲线而不是简单的直线,因此它需要一些重新调整:

重构答案

Point a = new Point3d(ax, ay, az); // point on line
Point b = new Point3d(bx, by, bz); // point on line

如果您想查看您的点是否高于/低于曲线< /em>,那么您需要获得您感兴趣的特定曲线的一阶导数 - 也称为曲线上点的切线。如果你能这样做,那么你就可以突出你的兴趣点。当然,如果你的曲线是一条直线,那么你只需要兴趣点而不需要切线。切线就是直线。

Vector3d lineVector = curve.GetFirstDerivative(a); // where "a" is a point on the curve. You may derive point b with a simple displacement calculation:

Point3d b = new Point3d(a.X, a.Y, a.Z).TransformBy(
                 Matrix3d.Displacement(curve.GetFirstDerivative(a))
                );

Point m = new Point3d(mx, my, mz) // the point you are interested in.

解决方案:

return (b.X - a.X) * (m.Y - a.Y) - (b.Y - a.Y) * (m.X - a.X) < 0; // the answer

适合我!请参阅上面照片中的证明。青砖满足条件,但是外面的砖被过滤掉了!在我的用例中 - 我只想要接触圆圈的砖块。

全绿色items are inside the curve

答案背后的理论

我将返回解释这一点。有一天。不知怎的...

Issues with the existing solution:

While I found Eric Bainville's answer to be correct, I found it entirely inadequate to comprehend:

  • How can two vectors have a determinant? I thought that applied to matrices?
  • What is sign?
  • How do I convert two vectors into a matrix?

position = sign((Bx - Ax) * (Y - Ay) - (By - Ay) * (X - Ax))

  • What is Bx?
  • What is Y? Isn't Y meant to be a Vector, rather than a scalar?
  • Why is the solution correct - what is the reasoning behind it?

Moreover, my use case involved complex curves rather than a simple line, hence it requires a little re-jigging:

Reconstituted Answer

Point a = new Point3d(ax, ay, az); // point on line
Point b = new Point3d(bx, by, bz); // point on line

If you want to see whether your points are above/below a curve, then you would need to get the first derivative of the particular curve you are interested in - also known as the tangent to the point on the curve. If you can do so, then you can highlight your points of interest. Of course, if your curve is a line, then you just need the point of interest without the tangent. The tangent IS the line.

Vector3d lineVector = curve.GetFirstDerivative(a); // where "a" is a point on the curve. You may derive point b with a simple displacement calculation:

Point3d b = new Point3d(a.X, a.Y, a.Z).TransformBy(
                 Matrix3d.Displacement(curve.GetFirstDerivative(a))
                );

Point m = new Point3d(mx, my, mz) // the point you are interested in.

The Solution:

return (b.X - a.X) * (m.Y - a.Y) - (b.Y - a.Y) * (m.X - a.X) < 0; // the answer

Works for me! See the proof in the photo above. Green bricks satisfy the condition, but the bricks outside were filtered out! In my use case - I only want the bricks that are touching the circle.

All green items are within the curve

Theory behind the answer

I will return to explain this. Someday. Somehow...

执笔绘流年 2024-09-21 02:47:08

感受 netters 提供的解决方案的另一种方法是了解一些几何含义。

pqr=[P,Q,R] 是形成平面的点,该平面被直线 [P,R] 分为 2 个边。我们要找出pqr平面上的两个点A、B是否在同一侧。

pqr 平面上的任何点 T 都可以用 2 个向量表示:v = PQ 和 u = RQ,如下:

T' = TQ = < strong>i * v + j * u

现在几何含义:

  1. i+j =1: T on pr line
  2. i+j <1: T on Sq
  3. i+j > 1: T on Snq
  4. i+j =0: T = Q
  5. i+j <0: T on Sq 且超出 Q。


i+j: <0 0 <1 =1 >1
---------Q------[PR]--------- <== 这是 PQR 平面
^
公关线

一般来说,

  • i+j 是 T 距离 Q 或线 [P,R] 的距离的度量,以及
  • i+j-1 的符号strong> 暗示 T 的侧面。

ij 的其他几何意义(与此解无关)是:

  • i,j 是新坐标系中 T 的标量,其中 v,u 是新轴,Q 是新原点;
  • ij可以分别视为P、R拉力i越大,T离R越远(来自P的拉力越大)。

i,j 的值可以通过求解方程得到:

i*vx + j*ux = T'x
i*vy + j*uy = T'y
i*vz + j*uz = T'z

因此我们在平面上有 2 个点 A,B:


A = a1 * v + a2 * u
B = b1 * v + b2 * u

如果 A、B 在同一侧,则为 true:

sign(a1+a2-1) = sign(b1+b2-1)

请注意,这也适用于问题:A、B 是否在平面 [P,Q,R] 的同一侧,其中:

T = i * P + j > * Q + k * R

i+j+k=1 意味着 T 在平面 [P,Q,R] 上并且 的符号i+j+k-1 暗示其侧面。由此我们有:


A = a1 * P + a2 * Q + a3 * R
B = b1 * P + b2 * Q + b3 * R

和 A,B 位于平面 [P,Q,R] 的同一侧,如果

sign(a1+a2+a3-1) = sign(b1+b2+b3-1)

An alternative way of getting a feel of solutions provided by netters is to understand a little geometry implications.

Let pqr=[P,Q,R] are points that forms a plane that is divided into 2 sides by line [P,R]. We are to find out if two points on pqr plane, A,B, are on the same side.

Any point T on pqr plane can be represented with 2 vectors: v = P-Q and u = R-Q, as:

T' = T-Q = i * v + j * u

Now the geometry implications:

  1. i+j =1: T on pr line
  2. i+j <1: T on Sq
  3. i+j >1: T on Snq
  4. i+j =0: T = Q
  5. i+j <0: T on Sq and beyond Q.


i+j: <0 0 <1 =1 >1
---------Q------[PR]--------- <== this is PQR plane
^
pr line

In general,

  • i+j is a measure of how far T is away from Q or line [P,R], and
  • the sign of i+j-1 implicates T's sideness.

The other geometry significances of i and j (not related to this solution) are:

  • i,j are the scalars for T in a new coordinate system where v,u are the new axes and Q is the new origin;
  • i, j can be seen as pulling force for P,R, respectively. The larger i, the farther T is away from R (larger pull from P).

The value of i,j can be obtained by solving the equations:

i*vx + j*ux = T'x
i*vy + j*uy = T'y
i*vz + j*uz = T'z

So we are given 2 points, A,B on the plane:


A = a1 * v + a2 * u
B = b1 * v + b2 * u

If A,B are on the same side, this will be true:

sign(a1+a2-1) = sign(b1+b2-1)

Note that this applies also to the question: Are A,B in the same side of plane [P,Q,R], in which:

T = i * P + j * Q + k * R

and i+j+k=1 implies that T is on the plane [P,Q,R] and the sign of i+j+k-1 implies its sideness. From this we have:


A = a1 * P + a2 * Q + a3 * R
B = b1 * P + b2 * Q + b3 * R

and A,B are on the same side of plane [P,Q,R] if

sign(a1+a2+a3-1) = sign(b1+b2+b3-1)

总攻大人 2024-09-21 02:47:08

线方程为 y-y1 = m(x-x1),

此处 m 为 y2-y1 / x2-x1

现在将 m 放入方程中,并将条件置于 y < m(x-x1) + y1 那么它是左侧点,

例如。

for i in rows:

  for j in cols:

    if j>m(i-a)+b:

      image[i][j]=0

equation of line is y-y1 = m(x-x1)

here m is y2-y1 / x2-x1

now put m in equation and put condition on y < m(x-x1) + y1 then it is left side point

eg.

for i in rows:

  for j in cols:

    if j>m(i-a)+b:

      image[i][j]=0
苦笑流年记忆 2024-09-21 02:47:08

A(x1,y1) B(x2,y2) 长度为 L=sqrt( (y2-y1)^2 + (x2-x1)^2 ) 的线段

和点 M(x,y)

进行变换坐标以便将 A 点作为新的起点,将 B 点作为新 X 轴的点,

我们得到 M 点的新坐标

,它们是
newX = ((x-x1)(x2-x1)+(y-y1)(y2-y1)) / L
从 (x-x1)*cos(t)+(y-y1)*sin(t) 其中 cos(t)=(x2-x1)/L, sin(t)=(y2-y1)/L

newY = ((y-y1)(x2-x1)-(x-x1)(y2-y1)) / L
从 (y-y1)*cos(t)-(x-x1)*sin(t) 得出,

因为“左”是 X 轴的 Y 为正的一侧,如果 newY(即 M 到 AB 的距离) )为正,那么它在AB(新的X轴)的左侧
如果您只想要符号,则可以省略除以 L(始终为正)

A(x1,y1) B(x2,y2) a line segment with length L=sqrt( (y2-y1)^2 + (x2-x1)^2 )

and a point M(x,y)

making a transformation of coordinates in order to be the point A the new start and B a point of the new X axis

we have the new coordinates of the point M

which are
newX = ((x-x1)(x2-x1)+(y-y1)(y2-y1)) / L
from (x-x1)*cos(t)+(y-y1)*sin(t) where cos(t)=(x2-x1)/L, sin(t)=(y2-y1)/L

newY = ((y-y1)(x2-x1)-(x-x1)(y2-y1)) / L
from (y-y1)*cos(t)-(x-x1)*sin(t)

because "left" is the side of axis X where the Y is positive, if the newY (which is the distance of M from AB) is positive, then it is on the left side of AB (the new X axis)
You may omit the division by L (allways positive), if you only want the sign

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