使用 python 读取文件并查看文件中是否存在特定字符串

Question

我有一个以下格式的文件

Summary;None;Description;Emails\nDarlene\nGregory Murphy\nDr. Ingram\n;DateStart;20100615T111500;DateEnd;20100615T121500;Time;20100805T084547Z
Summary;Presence tech in smart energy management;Description;;DateStart;20100628T130000;DateEnd;20100628T133000;Time;20100628T055408Z
Summary;meeting;Description;None;DateStart;20100629T110000;DateEnd;20100629T120000;Time;20100805T084547Z
Summary;meeting;Description;None;DateStart;20100630T090000;DateEnd;20100630T100000;Time;20100805T084547Z
Summary;Balaji Viswanath: Meeting;Description;None;DateStart;20100712T140000;DateEnd;20100712T143000;Time;20100805T084547Z
Summary;Government Industry Training:  How Smart is Your City - The Smarter City Assessment Tool\nUS Call-In Information:  1-866-803-2143\,     International Number:  1-210-795-1098\,     International Toll-free Numbers:  See below\,     Passcode:  6785765\nPresentation Link - Copy and paste URL into web browser:  http://w3.tap.ibm.com/medialibrary/media_view?id=87408;Description;International Toll-free Numbers link - Copy and paste this URL into your web browser:\n\nhttps://w3-03.sso.ibm.com/sales/support/ShowDoc.wss?docid=NS010BBUN-7P4TZU&infotype=SK&infosubtype=N0&node=clientset\,IA%7Cindustries\,Y&ftext=&sort=date&showDetails=false&hitsize=25&offset=0&campaign=#International_Call-in_Numbers;DateStart;20100811T203000;DateEnd;20100811T213000;Time;20100805T084547Z

现在我需要创建一个执行以下操作的函数：

函数参数将指定要读取的行，假设我已经完成了 line.split(;)

1. 查看是否有“会议”或第[1]行任意位置“拨入号码”，并查看第[2]行任意位置是否有“会议”或“拨入号码”。如果这两个条件之一为真，则该函数应返回“呼入会议”。否则它应该返回“None Inferred”。

提前致谢

Answer 1

使用 in 运算符查看是否存在匹配

for line in open("file"):
    if "string" in line :
        ....

Answer 2

vlad003 是对的：如果行中有换行符；他们将是新线路！在这种情况下，我会改为拆分“摘要”：

import itertools

def chunks( filePath ):
    "Since you have newline characters in each section,\
    you can't read each line in turn. This function reads\
    lines of the file and splits them into chunks, restarting\
    each time 'Summary' starts a line."
    with open( filePath ) as theFile:
        chunk = [ ]
        for line in theFile:
            if line.startswith( "Summary" ):
                if chunk: yield chunk
                chunk = [ line ]
            else:
                chunk.append( line )
        yield chunk

def nth(iterable, n, default=None):
    "Gets the nth element of an iterator."
    return next(islice(iterable, n, None), default)

def getStatus( chunkNum ):
    "Get the nth chunk of the file, split it by ";", and return the result."
    chunk = nth( chunks, chunkNum, "" ).split( ";" )
    if not chunk[ 0 ]:
        raise SomeError # could not get the right chunk
    if "meeting" in chunk[ 1 ].lower() or "call in number" in chunk[ 1 ].lower():
        return "call-in meeting"
    else:
        return "None Inferred"

请注意，如果您计划读取文件的所有块，这是愚蠢的，因为它会打开文件并在每次查询时读取一次。如果您打算经常这样做，则值得将其解析为更好的数据格式（例如状态数组）。这将需要一次遍历该文件，并为您提供更好的查找。

Answer 3

基于 Ghostdog74 的答案：

def finder(line):
    '''Takes line number as argument. First line is number 0.'''
    with open('/home/vlad/Desktop/file.txt') as f:
        lines = f.read().split('Summary')[1:]
        searchLine = lines[line]
        if 'meeting' in searchLine.lower() or 'call in number' in searchLine.lower():
            return 'call-in meeting'
        else:
            return 'None Inferred'

我不太明白 line[1] 和 line[2] 的意思，所以这是我能做的最好的事情。

编辑：修复了 \n 的问题。我认为由于您正在搜索会议和呼叫号码，因此您不需要摘要，因此我用它来分割行。