改进 Tikz 图

Question

我刚刚在 Tikz 中完成了我的第一个图表。它看起来像我想要的那样，但对我的“编码”方式不满意：

\begin{tikzpicture}
[node distance=14mm,
 item/.style={rounded corners,rectangle,
   thick,
   minimum width=20mm, minimum height=10mm}]

\node[item,draw=blue!50,fill=blue!20] (stack) {1394 Stack};
\node[item,left=of stack,draw=green!50,fill=green!20,yshift=-9mm] (app1) {Application};
\node[item,left=of stack,draw=green!50,fill=green!20,yshift=9mm] (app2) {Application};
\node[item,right=of stack,draw=orange!50,fill=orange!20] (ohci) {OHCI};
\node[item,right=of ohci,yshift=-15mm,draw=yellow!70,fill=yellow!35] (dev1) {Device};
\node[item,right=of ohci,yshift=0mm,draw=yellow!70,fill=yellow!35] (dev2) {Device};
\node[item,right=of ohci,yshift=15mm,draw=yellow!70,fill=yellow!35] (dev3) {Device};

\draw[thick] (app1) -- (stack)
             (app2) -- (stack)
             (stack) -- (ohci)
             (ohci) -- (dev1)
             (ohci) -- (dev2)
             (ohci) -- (dev3);

\node[xshift=7mm,yshift=1mm] (topUser) at (app1.east |- dev3.north) {};
\node[xshift=7mm,yshift=-1mm,label=above left:User space] (botUser) at (app1.east |- dev1.south) {};
\draw[dashed] (topUser) -- (botUser);

\node[xshift=7mm,yshift=1mm] (topKern) at (stack.east |- dev3.north) {};
\node[xshift=7mm,yshift=-1mm,label=above left:Kernel space,
label=above right:Hardware\phantom{p}] (botKern) at (stack.east |- dev1.south) {};
\draw[dashed] (topKern) -- (botKern);
\end{tikzpicture}

我感到不舒服的是：

我如何使用 yshift 手动移动“应用程序”和“设备”节点code> 将它们彼此分开；我确信必须有一种更优雅的方式来生成简单的树状结构

这些行（topKern -- botKern和topUser -- botUser）从顶部开始图片底部；使用 xshift=7mm 在两个节点之间的 x 轴上手动对齐它们。

我使用 \phantom{p} 来确保标签“Hardware”与其他两个标签具有相同的基线。

Answer 1

要构建树结构，请参阅 pgfmanual.pdf，让树生长。

对于线条，我将创建代表两个节点中间的节点，然后像您一样使用垂直坐标系。您还可以使用当前边界框来识别“边界”。

要正确对齐基线，请指定文本高度和文本深度。在您的情况下，例如在样式每个标签中。但正如你所看到的，我将标签作为下面的节点......

\begin{tikzpicture}[level distance=35mm,node distance=15mm,text height=1.5ex,text depth=0.25ex]

\begin{scope}[every node/.style={rounded corners,rectangle,thick,minimum width=20mm, minimum height=10mm}]
\begin{scope}[level 1/.style={sibling distance=19mm,nodes={fill=green!20,draw=green!50}}]
\node[draw=blue!50,fill=blue!20] (stack) {1394 Stack} [grow=left]
  child {node (app2) {Application}}
  child {node (app1) {Application}};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[level 1/.style={sibling distance=15mm,nodes={fill=yellow!70,draw=yellow!35}}]
\node[right= of stack,draw=orange!50,fill=orange!20] (ohci) {OHCI} [grow=right]
  child {node {Device}}
  child {node {Device}}
  child {node {Device}};
\end{scope}
\end{scope}

\node[below=0mm of app1] (userspace) {User space};
\node at (userspace -| stack) (kernel) {Kernel};
\node at (userspace -| ohci) (hardware) {Hardware}; 

\path (app1) -- (stack) node[coordinate,midway] (between1) {};
\draw (ohci) -- (stack) node[coordinate,midway] (between2) {};

\draw[dashed] (current bounding box.north -| between1) -- (current bounding box.south -| between1);
\draw[dashed] (current bounding box.north -| between2) -- (current bounding box.south -| between2);

\end{tikzpicture}