从另一个包含元素的 svg 图像创建嵌入 base64 字符串的 SVG 图像

发布于 2024-09-13 09:23:34 字数 129 浏览 8 评论 0原文

我有一个 SVG 文件,其中包含多个元素(如路径、圆形、矩形等)。

我想将该 SVG 文件转换为嵌入了 Base64 数据而不是多个元素的 SVG。用蜡染可以做到吗?

我正在从事的项目要求我仅使用 Java 库。

I have an SVG file that contains several elements (like path, circles, rectangles, etc.).

I'd like to convert that SVG file to an SVG with embedded base64 data instead of multiple elements. is it possible to do that with Batik?

The project I'm working on requires I use Java libraries only.

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紫竹語嫣☆ 2024-09-20 09:23:34

我使用了一种在 Blogger 帖子中嵌入 SVG 图像的技术
这可能适用于此。基本上,这是一个两步过程:

  1. 序列化要嵌入的 SVG,并对它进行 URL 编码。
  2. 然后,您可以使用 URL 编码的字符串作为 SVG use 元素的 xlink:href 属性中的数据 URI。

这是我用 Batik 测试过的一个工作示例。假设您想要嵌入以下 SVG 文档,circle.svg:

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
  "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="4in" height="4in" id="the_svg"
     viewBox="0 0 4 4" version="1.1"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <circle cx="1" cy="1" r="1" fill="blue" stroke="none" id="the_circle"/>
</svg>

您可以通过将其路径传递给以下小 Rhino 脚本来对其进行 URL 编码:

#!/usr/bin/env rhino
print(escape(readFile(arguments[0])))

当然,如果您想在 Java 中以编程方式执行此操作,那么您将需要一种特定于 Java 的方法来序列化 SVG 文档并对字符串进行 URL 编码。

这将为您提供 URL 编码字符串形式的文档:

%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-//W3C//DTD%20SVG%201.1//EN%22%20%0A%20%20%22http%3A//www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd%22%3E%0A%3Csvg%20width%3D%224in%22%20height%3D%224in%22%20id%3D%22the_svg%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20viewBox%3D%220%200%204%204%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E%0A%09%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%221%22%20cy%3D%221%22%20r%3D%221%22%20fill%3D%22blue%22%20stroke%3D%22none%22%20id%3D%22the_circle%22/%3E%0A%3C/svg%3E%0A%0A

然后,您可以通过在数据 URI 中使用该文档来嵌入该文档,如下所示:

data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-//W3C//DTD%20SVG%201.1//EN%22%20%0A%20%20%22http%3A//www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd%22%3E%0A%3Csvg%20width%3D%224in%22%20height%3D%224in%22%20id%3D%22the_svg%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20viewBox%3D%220%200%204%204%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E%0A%09%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%221%22%20cy%3D%221%22%20r%3D%221%22%20fill%3D%22blue%22%20stroke%3D%22none%22%20id%3D%22the_circle%22/%3E%0A%3C/svg%3E%0A%0A

例如,以下 HTML 文档使用对象标记和数据 URI 来嵌入 SVG文档:

<html>
    <head>
    </head>
    <body>
        <object data="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-//W3C//DTD%20SVG%201.1//EN%22%20%0A%20%20%22http%3A//www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd%22%3E%0A%3Csvg%20width%3D%224in%22%20height%3D%224in%22%20id%3D%22the_svg%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20viewBox%3D%220%200%204%204%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E%0A%09%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%221%22%20cy%3D%221%22%20r%3D%221%22%20fill%3D%22blue%22%20stroke%3D%22none%22%20id%3D%22the_circle%22/%3E%0A%3C/svg%3E%0A%0A" width="400" height="400"></object>
    </body>
</html>

您可以使用 SVG 'use' 元素的 xlink:href 属性执行相同的操作,但有一个警告:引用完整文档是非法的。相反,您需要通过 id 引用文档中的元素,并且该元素将被深度克隆到 SVG 宿主文档中。在此示例中,SVG 文档根元素由其 id“the_svg”引用(注意 URI 末尾的哈希标记)。

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
  "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="4in" height="4in" id="the_svg"
     viewBox="0 0 4 4" version="1.1"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <use x="0" y="0" width="4" height="4" xlink:href="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-//W3C//DTD%20SVG%201.1//EN%22%20%0A%20%20%22http%3A//www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd%22%3E%0A%3Csvg%20width%3D%224in%22%20height%3D%224in%22%20id%3D%22the_svg%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20viewBox%3D%220%200%204%204%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E%0A%09%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%221%22%20cy%3D%221%22%20r%3D%221%22%20fill%3D%22blue%22%20stroke%3D%22none%22%20id%3D%22the_circle%22/%3E%0A%3C/svg%3E%0A%0A#the_svg"/>
</svg>

仅供参考,这在 Batik 1.7 中运行良好(在 Squiggle 浏览器中测试),但不适用于 Chromium 或 Firefox。

There's a technique which I've used to embed SVG images in Blogger posts
which might work for this. Basically, it's a two-step process:

  1. You serialize the SVG you want to embed, and URL-encode it.
  2. You then use the URL-encoded string as a data URI in the xlink:href attribute of an SVG use element.

Here's a working example that I've tested with Batik. Say that you want to embed the following SVG document, circle.svg:

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
  "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="4in" height="4in" id="the_svg"
     viewBox="0 0 4 4" version="1.1"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <circle cx="1" cy="1" r="1" fill="blue" stroke="none" id="the_circle"/>
</svg>

You can URL-encode it by passing its path to the following small Rhino script:

#!/usr/bin/env rhino
print(escape(readFile(arguments[0])))

Of-course, if you want to do this programmatically in Java, then you'll need a Java-specific method of serializing the SVG document and URL-encoding the string.

This gives you the document as a URL-encoded string:

%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-//W3C//DTD%20SVG%201.1//EN%22%20%0A%20%20%22http%3A//www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd%22%3E%0A%3Csvg%20width%3D%224in%22%20height%3D%224in%22%20id%3D%22the_svg%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20viewBox%3D%220%200%204%204%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E%0A%09%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%221%22%20cy%3D%221%22%20r%3D%221%22%20fill%3D%22blue%22%20stroke%3D%22none%22%20id%3D%22the_circle%22/%3E%0A%3C/svg%3E%0A%0A

You can then embed this document by using it in a data URI, which looks like this:

data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-//W3C//DTD%20SVG%201.1//EN%22%20%0A%20%20%22http%3A//www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd%22%3E%0A%3Csvg%20width%3D%224in%22%20height%3D%224in%22%20id%3D%22the_svg%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20viewBox%3D%220%200%204%204%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E%0A%09%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%221%22%20cy%3D%221%22%20r%3D%221%22%20fill%3D%22blue%22%20stroke%3D%22none%22%20id%3D%22the_circle%22/%3E%0A%3C/svg%3E%0A%0A

For example, the following HTML document uses an object tag and the data URI to embed the SVG document:

<html>
    <head>
    </head>
    <body>
        <object data="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-//W3C//DTD%20SVG%201.1//EN%22%20%0A%20%20%22http%3A//www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd%22%3E%0A%3Csvg%20width%3D%224in%22%20height%3D%224in%22%20id%3D%22the_svg%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20viewBox%3D%220%200%204%204%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E%0A%09%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%221%22%20cy%3D%221%22%20r%3D%221%22%20fill%3D%22blue%22%20stroke%3D%22none%22%20id%3D%22the_circle%22/%3E%0A%3C/svg%3E%0A%0A" width="400" height="400"></object>
    </body>
</html>

You can do the same thing with the xlink:href attribute of an SVG 'use' element, with one caveat: it's illegal to reference a full document. Instead, you need to reference an element in the document by its id, and that element will be deep-cloned into the SVG host document. In this example, the SVG document root element is reference by its id "the_svg" (note the hash tag at the end of URI).

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
  "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="4in" height="4in" id="the_svg"
     viewBox="0 0 4 4" version="1.1"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <use x="0" y="0" width="4" height="4" xlink:href="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3C%21DOCTYPE%20svg%20PUBLIC%20%22-//W3C//DTD%20SVG%201.1//EN%22%20%0A%20%20%22http%3A//www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd%22%3E%0A%3Csvg%20width%3D%224in%22%20height%3D%224in%22%20id%3D%22the_svg%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20viewBox%3D%220%200%204%204%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%0A%20%20%20%20%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%22%3E%0A%09%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%221%22%20cy%3D%221%22%20r%3D%221%22%20fill%3D%22blue%22%20stroke%3D%22none%22%20id%3D%22the_circle%22/%3E%0A%3C/svg%3E%0A%0A#the_svg"/>
</svg>

FYI, this works well in Batik 1.7 (tested in the Squiggle browser), but not Chromium or Firefox.

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