使用 Python 解析文件 (ics/icalendar)

Question

我有一个以下格式的 .ics 文件。解析它的最佳方法是什么？我需要检索每个条目的摘要、描述和时间。

BEGIN:VCALENDAR
X-LOTUS-CHARSET:UTF-8
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//Lotus Development Corporation//NONSGML Notes 8.0//EN
METHOD:PUBLISH
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:India
BEGIN:STANDARD
DTSTART:19500101T020000
TZOFFSETFROM:+0530
TZOFFSETTO:+0530
END:STANDARD
END:VTIMEZONE
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID="India":20100615T111500
DTEND;TZID="India":20100615T121500
TRANSP:OPAQUE
DTSTAMP:20100713T071035Z
CLASS:PUBLIC
DESCRIPTION:Emails\nDarlene\n Murphy\nDr. Ferri\n

UID:12D3901F0AD9E83E65257743001F2C9A-Lotus_Notes_Generated
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-SEQ:1
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-WISL:$S:1;$L:1;$B:1;$R:1;$E:1;$W:1;$O:1;$M:1
X-LOTUS-NOTESVERSION:2
X-LOTUS-APPTTYPE:0
X-LOTUS-CHILD_UID:12D3901F0AD9E83E65257743001F2C9A
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID="India":20100628T130000
DTEND;TZID="India":20100628T133000
TRANSP:OPAQUE
DTSTAMP:20100628T055408Z
CLASS:PUBLIC
DESCRIPTION:
SUMMARY:smart energy management
LOCATION:8778/92050462
UID:07F96A3F1C9547366525775000203D96-Lotus_Notes_Generated
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-SEQ:1
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-WISL:$S:1;$L:1;$B:1;$R:1;$E:1;$W:1;$O:1;$M:1
X-LOTUS-NOTESVERSION:2
X-LOTUS-NOTICETYPE:A
X-LOTUS-APPTTYPE:3
X-LOTUS-CHILD_UID:07F96A3F1C9547366525775000203D96
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID="India":20100629T110000
DTEND;TZID="India":20100629T120000
TRANSP:OPAQUE
DTSTAMP:20100713T071037Z
CLASS:PUBLIC
SUMMARY:meeting
UID:6011DDDD659E49D765257751001D2B4B-Lotus_Notes_Generated
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-SEQ:1
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-WISL:$S:1;$L:1;$B:1;$R:1;$E:1;$W:1;$O:1;$M:1
X-LOTUS-NOTESVERSION:2
X-LOTUS-APPTTYPE:0
X-LOTUS-CHILD_UID:6011DDDD659E49D765257751001D2B4B
END:VEVENT

Answer 1

icalendar 包看起来不错。

例如，要写入一个文件：

from icalendar import Calendar, Event
from datetime import datetime
from pytz import UTC # timezone

cal = Calendar()
cal.add('prodid', '-//My calendar product//mxm.dk//')
cal.add('version', '2.0')

event = Event()
event.add('summary', 'Python meeting about calendaring')
event.add('dtstart', datetime(2005,4,4,8,0,0,tzinfo=UTC))
event.add('dtend', datetime(2005,4,4,10,0,0,tzinfo=UTC))
event.add('dtstamp', datetime(2005,4,4,0,10,0,tzinfo=UTC))
event['uid'] = '20050115T101010/[email protected]'
event.add('priority', 5)

cal.add_component(event)

f = open('example.ics', 'wb')
f.write(cal.to_ical())
f.close()

Tadaaa，您会得到这个文件：

BEGIN:VCALENDAR
PRODID:-//My calendar product//mxm.dk//
VERSION:2.0
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20050404T100000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE:20050404T001000Z
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20050404T080000Z
PRIORITY:5
SUMMARY:Python meeting about calendaring
UID:20050115T101010/[email protected]
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR

但是这个文件里有什么？

g = open('example.ics','rb')
gcal = Calendar.from_ical(g.read())
for component in gcal.walk():
    print component.name
g.close()

您可以轻松地看到它：

>>> 
VCALENDAR
VEVENT
>>> 

解析有关事件的数据怎么样：

g = open('example.ics','rb')
gcal = Calendar.from_ical(g.read())
for component in gcal.walk():
    if component.name == "VEVENT":
        print(component.get('summary'))
        print(component.get('dtstart'))
        print(component.get('dtend'))
        print(component.get('dtstamp'))
g.close()

现在您得到：

>>> 
Python meeting about calendaring
20050404T080000Z
20050404T100000Z
20050404T001000Z
>>> 

Answer 2

您也可以使用 vobject 模块来实现此目的： http://pypi.python.org/pypi/ vobject

如果您有一个 sample.ics 文件，您可以读取它的内容，如下所示：

# read the data from the file
data = open("sample.ics").read()

# parse the top-level event with vobject
cal = vobject.readOne(data)

# Get Summary
print 'Summary: ', cal.vevent.summary.valueRepr()
# Get Description
print 'Description: ', cal.vevent.description.valueRepr()

# Get Time
print 'Time (as a datetime object): ', cal.vevent.dtstart.value
print 'Time (as a string): ', cal.vevent.dtstart.valueRepr()

Answer 3

刚接触Python；上面的评论非常有帮助，因此想发布更完整的示例。

# ics to csv example
# dependency: https://pypi.org/project/vobject/

import vobject
import csv

with open('sample.csv', mode='w') as csv_out:
    csv_writer = csv.writer(csv_out, delimiter=',', quotechar='"', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
    csv_writer.writerow(['WHAT', 'WHO', 'FROM', 'TO', 'DESCRIPTION'])

    # read the data from the file
    data = open("sample.ics").read()

    # iterate through the contents
    for cal in vobject.readComponents(data):
        for component in cal.components():
            if component.name == "VEVENT":
                # write to csv
                csv_writer.writerow([component.summary.valueRepr(),component.attendee.valueRepr(),component.dtstart.valueRepr(),component.dtend.valueRepr(),component.description.valueRepr()])

Answer 4

如果其他人正在看这个，ics 包似乎比线程中提到的任何其他包更新得更好。 https://pypi.org/project/ics/

这是我正在使用的一些示例代码：

from ics import Calendar, Event

with open(in_file, 'r') as file:
    ics_text = file.read()

c = Calendar(ics_text)
for e in c.events:
    print(e.name)

Answer 5

四年后，对 ICS 格式有了更好的理解，如果这些是我需要的唯一字段，我只需使用本机字符串方法：

import io

# Probably not a valid .ics file, but we don't really care for the example
# it works fine regardless
file = io.StringIO('''
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
X-LOTUS-CHARSET:UTF-8
VERSION:2.0
DESCRIPTION:Emails\nDarlene\n Murphy\nDr. Ferri\n

SUMMARY:smart energy management
LOCATION:8778/92050462
DTSTART;TZID="India":20100629T110000
DTEND;TZID="India":20100629T120000
TRANSP:OPAQUE
DTSTAMP:20100713T071037Z
CLASS:PUBLIC
SUMMARY:meeting
UID:6011DDDD659E49D765257751001D2B4B-Lotus_Notes_Generated
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-SEQ:1
X-LOTUS-UPDATE-WISL:$S:1;$L:1;$B:1;$R:1;$E:1;$W:1;$O:1;$M:1
X-LOTUS-NOTESVERSION:2
X-LOTUS-APPTTYPE:0
X-LOTUS-CHILD_UID:6011DDDD659E49D765257751001D2B4B
END:VEVENT
'''.strip())

parsing = False
for line in file:
    field, _, data = line.partition(':')
    if field in ('SUMMARY', 'DESCRIPTION', 'DTSTAMP'):
        parsing = True
        print(field)
        print('\t'+'\n\t'.join(data.split('\n')))
    elif parsing and not data:
        print('\t'+'\n\t'.join(field.split('\n')))
    else:
        parsing = False

存储数据和解析日期时间作为练习读者（始终为UTC）

下面的旧答案

---

可以使用正则表达式：

import re
text = #your text
print(re.search("SUMMARY:.*?:", text, re.DOTALL).group())
print(re.search("DESCRIPTION:.*?:", text, re.DOTALL).group())
print(re.search("DTSTAMP:.*:?", text, re.DOTALL).group())

我确信可以跳过第一个和最后一个单词，我只是不确定如何使用正则表达式来做到这一点。不过你可以这样做：

print(' '.join(re.search("SUMMARY:.*?:", text, re.DOTALL).group().replace(':', ' ').split()[1:-1])

Answer 6

我会逐行解析并搜索您的术语，然后获取索引并进一步提取该字符和 X 个字符（无论您认为需要多少个字符）。然后解析那个小得多的字符串，使其成为您所需要的。