对列表中的列表中的元素进行更改
我正在将 csv 文件读入数据:
def get_file(start_file): #opens original file, reads it to array
with open(start_file,'rb') as f:
data=list(csv.reader(f))
我需要遍历每一行并向 row[1] 添加一个值,如下所示。最初 row[1] = 'Peanut'
,我需要添加 'Butter' 所以结果是
row[1]='PeanutButter'
我需要对每一行都这样做,这样
for row in data:
row+='Butter'
这是正确的方法吗?
i am reading a csv file into a data:
def get_file(start_file): #opens original file, reads it to array
with open(start_file,'rb') as f:
data=list(csv.reader(f))
i need to go through every row and add a value to row[1] like this. initially row[1] = 'Peanut'
, i need to add 'Butter' so the result would be
row[1]='PeanutButter'
i need to do this for every row like this
for row in data:
row+='Butter'
is this the correct way of doing it?
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您想要
,但正确的方法不是再次迭代每一行
data
,而是修改在中生成data
的方式首位。你去看看我在你另一个问题里的回答吧。的问题中复制粘贴,
从您之前使用
如解释
这里的问题是我们想要修改
data
中保存的数据。我们可以查看并更改data
中的每个元素,但这很慢,特别是考虑到我们很快就会再次查看每个元素。相反,一种更好的方法是在将行插入到数据保持器中时更改它们,因为这样可以节省一次。这里是:
f = csv.reader( start_file )
我已修改代码以使用
csv.reader
,因为这是一种更可靠的读取 CSV 数据的方式。这基本上是一个微不足道的改变;它的工作方式类似于open
但每一行都是一个值的元组,已经为您分开了。def data( csvfile )
这是不同的!我们没有将数据设为变量,而是将其设为函数。这听起来不对,但请耐心听我说。
for line in csvfile:
好的,
data
是csvfile
的函数,所以我们只是迭代第一个参数中的行。到目前为止,一切都很好。line[ 1 ] += butter
这是您想要进行的更改:我们将“butter”添加到
line
的第二个元素。您还可以在此处进行其他更改:向每行添加一列、删除列、跳过行,等等!yield line
这是 Python 的巧妙技巧。它的工作原理基本上与
return
类似,但是不会停止函数的运行。相反,它会暂停,直到我们请求下一个值。所以现在
data
是一个函数,它依次返回每一行(根据您的需要进行修改)。现在怎么办?简单:返回数据( f )
让
get_file
返回data
!这意味着什么?好吧,我们现在可以将它用作 for 循环中的迭代:
for line in get_file( "my_file.csv" ):
一切都会正常!魔法!! =p
其他几点:
以前,您使用
with ... as ...
语法。这是一个上下文管理器
:当您使用完文件后,它会自动关闭该文件。但在本例中,我们不想这样做,因为我们在浏览时正在从文件中读取行。将其转换为列表会将整个内容复制到内存中,这太慢了。如果您担心内存泄漏,您应该在代码中的其他位置添加 f.close()。我还有另一点,但我不记得了...
You want
but the right way to do this is not to iterate through every row of
data
again but to modify the way you generatedata
in the first place. Go look at my answer in your other question.Copy-paste from your previous question
which you use like
Explanation
The issue here is that we want to modify the data held in
data
. We could look through and change every element indata
, but that's slow, especially given that we're going to look through every element again shortly. Instead, a much nicer way is to change the lines as they are inserted into the data holder, because that saves you one pass.Here goes:
f = csv.reader( start_file )
I have modified the code to use
csv.reader
, because that's a much more robust way of reading CSV data. It's basically a trivial change; it works likeopen
but each line is a tuple of the values, already separated for you.def data( csvfile )
This is different! Instead of making data a variable, we're making it a function. That doesn't sound right, but bear with me.
for line in csvfile:
OK,
data
is a function ofcsvfile
so we're just iterating through the lines in the first argument. So far, so good.line[ 1 ] += butter
This is the change you wanted to make: we add "butter" to the second element of
line
. You could also make other changes here: add a column to each row, delete columns, skip rows, the list goes on!yield line
This is clever Python trickery. It basically works like
return
, but without stopping the function from running. Instead, it is paused until we ask for the next value.So now
data
is a function which returns each of the lines (modified just as you wanted them) in turn. What now? Easy:return data( f )
Make
get_file
returndata
!What does this mean? Well, we can now use it as the iterable in a for loop:
for line in get_file( "my_file.csv" ):
and everything will work!!! Magic!! =p
A couple of other points:
Previously, you used
with ... as ...
syntax. This is acontext manager
: it automatically closes the file when you're done with it. But in this case we don't want to do that, since we are reading lines from the file as we go through. Casting it to alist
copies the whole thing into memory, which is sloooooow. You should add f.close() elsewhere in the code if you're worried about memory leaks.I had another point, but I can't remember it...
这就是你想要的吗?
Is that what you want?