Mac OS X 上的 XDG_CONFIG_HOME 和 XDG_DATA_HOME 等效吗？
我计划开发一个跨平台脚本。在 Linux 和其他操作系统上，它将在 XDG_CONFIG_HOME 中存储配置，在 XDG_DATA_HOME 中存储数据文件（特别是下载的插件）。在 Windows 上，它将使用 APPDATA 来实现两者（除非有人有更好的主意）。然而，在 Mac OS X 上正确的做法是什么？
当我第一次浏览方便的 Macbook 的 ~/Library 目录时，我看到了 Preferences 和 Application Support 文件夹。我原本打算使用这些，但是 Preferences 似乎只包含具有反向域名的 plist，例如 com.apple.foo.bar.baz.plist，以及中的每个文件夹Application Support 对应于 /Applications 中的捆绑包，因此我不确定系统对不符合其标准的文件的反应如何。将它们直接存储在 ~/Library 中可能是一种选择，但如果有更好的地方的话，我不想用杂散的 myscript.conf 文件污染它。
我应该将这些文件存储在哪里？ （请不要只说 ~/.myscript。我知道这是 Unix 传统，但在主目录中看到随机的点文件让我很恼火。）
I am planning to develop a cross-platform script. On Linux and other operating systems, it will store configuration in XDG_CONFIG_HOME and data files (specifically, downloaded plugins) in XDG_DATA_HOME. On Windows, it will use APPDATA for both (unless someone has a better idea). However, what would be the proper thing to do on Mac OS X?
On my first glance through a handy Macbook's ~/Library directory, I saw Preferences and Application Support folders. I was originally planning to use those, but Preferences seems to just contain plists with reverse domain names like com.apple.foo.bar.baz.plist, and every folder in Application Support corresponds to a bundle in /Applications, so I'm not sure how well the system would react to files that don't match its standards. Storing them directly in ~/Library might be an option, but I don't want to pollute it with a stray myscript.conf file if there's a better place for it.
Where should I store these files? (And please don't say just ~/.myscript. I know it's the Unix tradition, but it annoys me to see random dotfiles in the home directory.)
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比较 Apple 文档中 XDG 基本目录规范的各种路径，大致位于以下位置：
XDG_CONFIG_HOME▶︎~/Library/Preferences/XDG_DATA_HOME▶︎~/Library/XDG_CACHE_HOME▶︎~/Library/Caches/在 Mac OS X 上映射“我的应用程序”的 XDG 基本目录规范位置可以查看像这样：
XDG_CONFIG_HOME▶︎~/Library/Preferences/name.often.with.domain.myapp.plistXDG_DATA_HOME▶︎~/ Library/My App/XDG_CACHE_HOME▶︎~/Library/Caches/My App/这些映射看起来很合理，但并不准确。某些类型的缓存或数据可能适合
~/Library/Application Support/My App，而其他类型的缓存或数据可能最适合临时位置或应用程序包。所有这些都是按照惯例，使用最佳XDG_位置的原因同样适用于在 Mac OS X 系统上使用最佳位置。您对
~/.myscript的烦恼符合 Apple 的准则：“不要污染用户空间”。参考文献：
Comparing Apple's documentation for the various paths to the XDG Base Directory specifications approximates to the following locations:
XDG_CONFIG_HOME▶︎~/Library/Preferences/XDG_DATA_HOME▶︎~/Library/XDG_CACHE_HOME▶︎~/Library/Caches/Mapping XDG Base Directory Specification locations for "My App" on Mac OS X could look like this:
XDG_CONFIG_HOME▶︎~/Library/Preferences/name.often.with.domain.myapp.plistXDG_DATA_HOME▶︎~/Library/My App/XDG_CACHE_HOME▶︎~/Library/Caches/My App/These mappings seem pretty reasonable but they aren't exact. Some kinds of cache or data may be appropriate for
~/Library/Application Support/My App, and other may be best in the temp locations or the App bundle. All of it is by convention and the same reasons for using the bestXDG_locations apply to using the best locations on the Mac OS X system.Your annoyance at
~/.myscriptis in line with Apple's guidelines: "Don't pollute user space".References:
我同意 OJFord 的评论：如果您正在编写脚本（我认为这适用于所有仅限 CLI 的应用程序），只需遵循 XDG 基本目录会更好。
理由：
XDG_CONFIG_HOME中的名称通常是小写的裸名称，例如git；~/Library/Preferences/中的文件通常是以 反向域名命名的文件符号，例如com.apple.AppStore.plist，或 标题大小写如Blackmagic Design。/Applications中时一直遵循 macOS 约定。您没有将脚本放在/Applications中；您将它们放在 UNIX 特定目录。最好保持一致。~/Library/Preferences/充满了.plist。据我所知，没有跨平台脚本使用属性列表。例如，Git 将其配置文件放置在
XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config中，而不是~/Library/Preferences/Git/config中。对我来说很有意义。注意
我仅针对配置文件 (
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME) 和数据文件 ($XDG_DATA_HOME) 指出这一点；对于缓存文件来说，情况会变得微妙。根据 How-To Geek，~/Library/Caches目录已从 时间机器。我不关心缓存文件夹，因为我无论如何都不备份这两个目录；但对于关心的人，我建议他们将~/.cache链接到默认缓存文件夹中的某个位置，例如：I agree with OJFord's comment: if you are writing a script (I think this applies to all CLI-only application), simply follow the XDG Base Directory would be better.
Rationales:
XDG_CONFIG_HOMEare typically small-case bare-names likegit; the ones in~/Library/Preferences/are typically files named with reverse domain name notation likecom.apple.AppStore.plist, or directories named in title case likeBlackmagic Design./Applications. You don't place your script in/Applications; you place them in UNIX-specific directories. Better to be consistent.~/Library/Preferences/is full of.plists. No cross-platform script that I know is using property lists.For example, Git places their config file in
XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config, not in~/Library/Preferences/Git/config. Makes sense to me.note
I made the point only for configuration files (
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME) and data files ($XDG_DATA_HOME); for cache files it gets subtle. According to How-To Geek,~/Library/Cachesdirectory is excluded from Time Machine by default. I don’t care about cache folder since I back up neither directories anyway; but for ones who care, I recommend them to link~/.cacheto somewhere in the default cache folder, such as:我会使用
~/Library/Application Support/script_name/。Application Support内的子目录通常由各种应用程序使用，包括 Apple 自己的软件。但它不是由操作系统强制执行的，也不与/Applications内的应用程序绑定。因此您可以完全自由地在其中创建自己的目录。有关 OS X 的一般目录结构，请参阅 这个苹果文档。
I would use
~/Library/Application Support/script_name/. The subdirectories insideApplication Supportare used conventionally by various apps, including Apple's own softwares. But it's not enforced by the OS and not tied to apps inside/Applications. So you're perfectly free to create your own directory in it.For the directory structure of OS X in general, see this Apple document.
以下是
中的：os包所做的 选择 golangXDG_CACHE_HOME→$HOME/Library/CachesXDG_CONFIG_HOME→$HOME/Library/Application SupportHere are the choices made by the
ospackage ingolang:XDG_CACHE_HOME→$HOME/Library/CachesXDG_CONFIG_HOME→$HOME/Library/Application SupportMacOS 本身根本不设置这些变量，但您可以在脚本中设置它们，并且大多数 mac 开发人员无论如何都会在 bash/zsh 配置中手动设置它们。
但请不要理会 Library、AppSup 和这些其他奇怪的目录 :D
注意：我说的是基于 ARM64/Apple Silicon 的 macOS。旧的英特尔版本可能有所不同。
MacOS itself is not setting these variables at all, but you can set them in your script and most mac devs set them in their bash/zsh config manually anyway.
But please leave the Library, AppSup, and these other weird directories alone :D
NOTE: I'm talking about arm64/apple silicon based macOS. Can be different on the old intel ones.