Ruby 中的解析器：处理粘性注释和引号

Question

我正在尝试在 Ruby 中为语法创建一个递归下降解析器，该语法由以下规则定义

1. 输入由空格分隔卡片停用词开头， 其中空白是正则表达式/[\n\t]+/
2. 卡片可能包含关键字或/和值 也用空格分隔， 具有特定于卡片的顺序/模式
3. 所有停用词和关键字都不区分大小写，即：/^[az]+[a-z0-9]*$/i

4. 值可以是一个双引号字符串，它可以不与 换句话说，用空格表示，例如：

   word"引用字符串"word
   

5. 值也可以是一个单词 /^[az]+[a-z0-9]*$/，或整数，或浮点（例如-1.15或1.0e+2）

6. 单行注释由#表示并且可能不与 换句话说，例如：

   word#单行注释\n
   

7. 多行注释由/*和*/表示，并且可能不是 与其他单词分开，例如：

   字/*多行 
   评论*/字
   

---

# Input example. Stop-words are chosen just to highlight them: set, object
set title"Input example"set objects 2#not-separated by white-space. test: "/*
set test "#/*"
object 1 shape box/* shape is a Keyword, 
box is a Value. test: "#*/object 2 shape sphere
set data # message and complete are Values
0 0 0 0 1 18 18 18 1 35 35 35 72 35 35 # all numbers are Values of the Card "set"

---

由于大多数单词都是用空格分隔的，有一段时间我正在考虑分割整个输入并逐字解析。为了处理注释和引用，我打算这样做

words = input_text.gsub( /([\"\#\n]|\/\*|\*\/)/, ' \1 ' ).split( /[ \t]+/ )

，但是，通过这种方式，字符串的内容（和注释，如果我想保留它们）被修改。您将如何处理这些粘性评论和引用？

Answer 1

好吧，我自己做的。如果不需要以下代码的可读性，可以最小化以下

class WordParser
  attr_reader :words

  def initialize text
    @text = text
  end

  def parse
    reset_parser
    until eof?
      case curr_char
        when '"' then
          start_word and add_chars_until? '"'
          close_word
        when '#','%' then
          start_word and add_chars_until? "\n"
          close_word
        when '/' then
          if next_is? '*' then
            start_word and 2.times { add_char }
            add_char until curr_is? '*' and next_is? '/' or eof?
            2.times { add_char } unless eof?
            close_word
          else
            # parser_error "unexpected symbol '/'" # if not allowed in the grammar
            start_word unless word_already_started?
            add_char
          end
        when /[^\s]/ then
          start_word unless word_already_started?
          add_char
      else # skip whitespaces etc. between words
        move and close_word
      end
    end
    return @words
  end

private

  def reset_parser
    @position = 0
    @line, @column = 1, 1
    @words = []
    @word_started = false
  end

  def parser_error s
    Kernel.puts 'Parser error on line %d, col %d: ' + s
    raise 'Parser error'
  end

  def word_already_started?
    @word_started
  end

  def close_word
    @word_started = false
  end

  def add_chars_until? ch
    add_char until next_is? ch or eof?
    2.times { add_char } unless eof?
  end

  def add_char
    @words.last[:to] = @position
    # @words.last[:length] += 1
    # @word.last += curr_char # if one just collects words
    move
  end

  def start_word
    @words.push from: @position, to: @position, line: @line, column: @column
    # @words.push '' unless @words.last.empty? # if one just collects words
    @word_started = true
  end

  def move
    increase :@position
    return if eof?
    if prev_is? "\n"
      increase :@line
      reset :@column
    else
      increase :@column
    end
  end

  def reset var; instance_variable_set(var, 1) end
  def increase var; instance_variable_set(var, instance_variable_get(var)+1) end

  def eof?; @position >= @text.length end

  def prev_is? ch; prev_char == ch end
  def curr_is? ch; curr_char == ch end
  def next_is? ch; next_char == ch end

  def prev_char; @text[ @position-1 ] end
  def curr_char; @text[ @position   ] end
  def next_char; @text[ @position+1 ] end
end

代码使用我在问题中的示例进行测试

words = WordParser.new(text).parse
p words.collect { |w| text[ w[:from]..w[:to] ] } .to_a

# >> ["# Input example. Stop-words are chosen just to highlight them: set, object\n", 
# >>  "set", "title", "\"Input example\"", "set", "objects", "2", 
# >>  "#not-separated by white-space. test: \"/*\n", "set", "test", "\"#/*\"", 
# >>  "object", "1", "shape", "box", "/* shape is a Keyword, \nbox is a Value. test: \"#*/", 
# >>  "object", "2", "shape", "sphere", "set", "data", "# message and complete are Values\n", 
# >>  "0", "0", "0", "0", "1", "18", "18", "18", "1", "35", "35", "35", "72", 
# >>  "35", "35", "# all numbers are Values of the Card \"set\"\n"]

所以现在我可以使用 类似这样的来进一步解析单词。