打印机通用接口
现在常见的打印机接口是什么？我读过其中大多数都支持 PostScript 和/或 PCL。我应该如何从应用程序代码中使用 PS/PCL（例如，在 Win32 下）？
What is a common printer interface today? I've read most of them support PostScript and/or PCL. How should I use PS/PCL from an app code (say, under Win32)?
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据我所知，PostScript 和 PCL 都是开放规范。 PostScript 的权威来源是 PLRM （PostScript 语言参考手册）。 PCL 的等效项可以在此页面找到。
大多数用于办公环境的现代多功能打印机都接受多种不同的 PDL。 PostScript 和 PCLXL 是最常见的，但其他一些是：
许多制造商还实施专有的 PDL。由于 PostScript、PDF 和 XPS 的解析和渲染速度可能很慢，因此制造商通常会实施针对打印机硬件和固件进行优化的专有 PDL。只有使用制造商定制的 PDL 驱动程序，才能实现许多制造商额定的每分钟页数。这种技术也被低端预算打印机使用，这些打印机的硬件无法解释高级 PDL。
在生成此输出方面，通常您不需要这样做，而是应该通过 Windows GDI，或根据您的目标操作系统，GDI+.您的绘图和文本输出例程将由打印机驱动程序处理，而打印机驱动程序又会为特定打印机生成输出。还有通用驱动程序（Microsoft 包含通用 PostScript 打印机驱动程序），可用于生成不特定于任何特定打印机的输出。
PostScript and PCL are both open-spec as far as I am aware. The definitive source for PostScript would be the PLRM (PostScript Language Reference Manual). PCL's equivalent can be found at this page.
Most modern multi-function printers for office environments will accept a number of different PDLs. PostScript and PCLXL are the most common, but some others are:
Many manufacturers also implement a proprietary PDL. Since PostScript, PDF and XPS can be slow to parse and render, a manufacturer often implements a proprietary PDL that is optimised for the printer's hardware and firmware. A lot of manufacturer-rated page-per-minute counts are only possible if you use their custom PDL driver. This technique is also used by low-end budget printers where the hardware is incapable of interpreting high-level PDLs.
In terms of generating this output, usually you do not need to do so, instead you should go through Windows GDI, or depending on your target OS, GDI+. Your drawing and text-output routines will be handled by a printer driver which in turn will generate output for a specific printer. There are also generic drivers out there (Microsoft includes a generic PostScript printer driver) that can be used to generate output that is not specific to any particular printer.
在 Windows 中，您通常使用 GDI 并让打印机驱动程序将其转换为实际的打印机语言。这为您提供了完全的设备独立性。
In Windows, you generally use the GDI and let the printer driver translate it to the actual printer language. This gives you complete device independence.