我可以从哪里开始更好地了解计算机的工作原理？
我一直在努力弄清楚我以后想进入哪个计算机领域。大学对我来说指日可待，我考虑过研究计算机工程、软件工程等。
最近，我一直在研究计算机安全系统及其利用（纯粹出于教育目的，在我自己的财产上）。不幸的是，在我看来，99% 的人都不知道他们在说什么。通常，它只是“运行这个”或“运行那个”或“你可以找到一个可以为你完成所有这些工作的程序”——没有人知道这些程序如何工作或它们到底做什么。
我觉得像大多数人那样使用别人创建的东西来简单地称自己为“黑客”没有任何乐趣或兴趣。事实上，我什至对黑客系统不感兴趣，而对他们如何做到这一点更感兴趣。
我的问题都归结于此。
我想了解计算机的来龙去脉——从互联网和数据传输等抽象概念到硬件。我想知道计算机如何存储数据（如何组织咬合等）以及处理器等实际上是做什么的。 WIFI到底是什么？计算机是否通过光进行通信（这是我从飞机上读到的杂志上学到的东西）。
我拥有多年的计算机/编程经验，但我对计算机的了解总体上非常广泛。计算机在彼此之间来回发送信息包，每个信息包都有标题和内容。计算机由多个组件组成，每个组件都有自己的功能（处理器、显卡、RAM、硬盘等），我对此已经有了一些基本的了解。 电脑的功能
实在是太多了，我不知道从哪里开始。我确信我的一些大学课程将为我解决问题，但我很好奇，我想现在就开始尽可能多地学习。
这个问题可能到处都有，所以请在必要时请我澄清。我现在有点时差反应，但我试图以最快、最连贯的方式写下我的想法（不过，在这个过程中我可能会完全失败）。
预先感谢您的任何建议！
贾斯汀·迈耶
请随意编辑此问题的标签。现在的情况很糟糕。
编辑：
所有这些评论都让我兴奋:)。有很多东西要学习，有很多东西要探索:)。
I've been trying to figure out what computer field I want to go into later on in life. College is just around the corner for me and I've considered looking into Computer Engineering, Software Engineering, etc.
Lately, I've been looking into computer security systems and exploitations of such (purely for educational purposes, on my own property). Unfortunately, it seems to me like 99% of the people out there have no idea what they're talking about. Oftentimes, it's just "run this" or "run that" or "you can find a program that will do all that for you" - no one knows how these programs work or what exactly they do.
I find no fun or interest in using something that someone else created simply to call myself a "hacker" as most people do. In fact, I'm not even interested in hacking systems as much as HOW they do it.
My question all comes down to this.
I want to learn the ins, outs, ups, and downs of computers - everything from abstract concepts such as the internet and data transferral, to hardware. I want to know how computers store data (how the bites are organized, etc.) and what processors, etc. actually do. What is WIFI, really? Do computers communicate with light (something I picked up from a magazine that I read on a plane).
I have multiple years of computer/programming experience, but so much of what I know about computers in general is very broad. Computers send packages of information back and forth between one another, each with a header and content. Computers are composed of multiple components, each with their own function (processor, video card, RAM, hard drive(s), etc.), which I have some basic understanding of already. etc. etc. etc.
There is just so much to a computer and I don't know where to start. I'm sure some of my college classes will clear things up for me, but I'm so curious that I want to start learning as much as I can now.
This question is probably all over the place, so please ask me to clarify when necessary. I'm a little jet lagged at the moment, but I tried to write my thoughts in the quickest, most coherent way possible (I could have completely failed in the process, though).
Thanks in advance for any advice!
Justian Meyer
Please, feel free to edit the tags for this question. The current ones are terrible.
EDIT:
All these comments are making me excited :). So much to learn, so much to explore :).
如果你对这篇内容有疑问，欢迎到本站社区发帖提问 参与讨论，获取更多帮助，或者扫码二维码加入 Web 技术交流群。
绑定邮箱获取回复消息
由于您还没有绑定你的真实邮箱，如果其他用户或者作者回复了您的评论，将不能在第一时间通知您！
发布评论
评论（5）
为了帮助您选择要选择的专业，我强烈推荐计算机工程（在大学教材中称为 CMPE 或 CE）。您的课程将带您了解刚刚列出的所有内容，并且通过选修课，您可以更深入地研究您想要的任何方面（例如安全和网络）。
在 CMPE 中，您将学习软件（C、C++ 和一些 C#），然后学习硬件（可能是两门电气工程课程）。一旦开始汇编编程，您将开始学习两者如何结合起来构成任何计算机或嵌入式系统中的其他所有内容。它将带您深入了解内存、CPU、数据总线、I/O 和许多其他事物的位级别。我刚刚开始进行数字设计，这真是太棒了。根据您的描述，您将非常享受 CMPE 专业的学习。
有计算机科学专业的，也有软件工程师的；有电气工程师；但没有计算机工程师就没有手机、GPS 或计算机的设计！
To help you choose which specialization to go into, I would very highly recommend computer engineering(Known as CMPE or CE in college course books). Your classes will take you to everything you just listed, and with electives you can delve deeper into whichever aspects you wish(such as security and networking).
In CMPE you will learn both software(C, C++, and some C#) and then hardware( maybe two electrical engineering classes). Once you get to assembly programming, you will start to learn how the two combine to make up everything else in any computer or embedded system. It will take you down to the bit level of memory, CPU, data buses, I/O, and so many other things. I am just starting to do Digital Design, and its ****ing glorious. From what you described, you will enjoy being a CMPE major greatly.
There's computer science majors and software engineers; there's electrical engineers; but there is no cell phone, GPS, or computer designed without computer engineers!
《结构化计算机组织》，Tanenbaum
这是一本很棒的书，解释了从晶体管开始的一切到 Java 虚拟机。
Structured Computer Organization, Tanenbaum
It is a great book and explains everything from a transistor to a Java virtual machine.
这两个帮助我了解操作系统和内存的一般工作原理。
我相信很多事情都是从这些“简单的机制”中衍生出来的。
1.内存中的程序剖析
2.突破 Windows 内存限制
These two helped me understand how the OS and memory in general works.
I believe a lot of things are derived out of these 'simple mechanics.
1.Anatomy of a program in memory
2.Pushing the limits on Windows memory
安全部门的史蒂夫·吉布森（Steve Gibson）现在一直在制作一系列有关计算机基础知识的播客。
http://www.grc.com/securitynow.htm 第 233 集“让我们设计一台计算机（第 1 部分）”到最新的“我们将为速度做什么”。
每隔一集他都会听取听众的反馈，这些反馈也很好听。
有几次（比如现在），如果出现重要的安全新闻（比如几个月前 SSL 重大事件爆发），他们就会打断该系列节目。
这真是一场精彩的表演，我建议从 233 开始，然后逐步向上，然后从第一集开始。还制作了关于计算机网络如何工作以及密码学如何工作的非常好的系列。 （第 203 集，当他谈论博耶和摩尔时，你一定会大吃一惊
搜索方法）
Steve Gibson of security now has been doing a series of podcasts on computer basics.
http://www.grc.com/securitynow.htm Episode 233 "Let's Design a Computer (part 1)" up to the most recent one "What We'll Do for Speed".
Every other episode he does listener feedback and those are good to listen to too.
a few times (like right now) they interrupted the series if a important security news item comes up (like when that big SSL thing broke a few months ago)
Its a really good show and I recommend starting on 233 and working your way up, then starting over on episode 1. Has also done very good series on how a computer network works and how cryptography works. (Ep 203 will blow your mind when he talks about the Boyer & Moore
method of searching)
既然你正在决定去哪里，是从事软件开发还是成为硬件和网络方面的专家，我想指出的是，在我看来，这是两种不同的职业，它们需要两种不同的心态。好的硬件专家通常不是好的程序员，而好的程序员几乎总是不是硬件和网络方面的专家。所以我想说，不要试图同时拥抱两者，坚持最适合你心态的一个方向。追两只兔子，结果一只也抓不到。
@贾斯蒂安
我明白了，抱歉我有点误会你了。了解代码在硬件内部如何处理的复杂性的愿望是很自然的。在大学时，我读过《计算机如何工作》一书——这是一本相当简单、甚至有点原始的关于一般硬件功能的书。但它可以让你对这个话题有一个更广泛的了解。
我想到了另一个比喻。说语言学家研究语言的内部机制，但神经科学家研究语言信号如何在大脑中处理。两种截然不同的职业。但这并不是要阻止您学习硬件，这只是为了强调两个领域之间的差异。
Since you are deciding where to go exactly, to be in software development or to become expert in hardware and networking, I would like to point out that in my opinion it is two different occupations and they require two different mindsets. Good hardware experts are usually not good programmers and good programmers almost always not experts in hardware and networking. So I would say don't try to embrace both, stick to one direction which is most suitable to your mindset. To pursue two rabbits would result in catching no one.
@Justian
I see, sorry I somewhat misunderstood you. Desire to understand intricacies of how code gets processed inside of hardware is a very natural one. When in college I was reading the book "How computer works" - it is fairly simple, even somewhat primitive book about general hardware functionality. But it can get you a broad look on the topic.
Another analogy came to mind. Say linguists research internal mechanics of language, but it is neuroscientists who research on how language signals get processed in brain. Two very different occupations. This is not to discourage you from learning hardware though, this is just to underline difference between two realms.