如何将 IDL 转换为 C#?

发布于 2024-09-10 22:09:57 字数 5084 浏览 11 评论 0原文

例如,DOM 规范有各种IDL 定义,其中之一是 接口节点。您将如何将其(即使是其中的一部分)转换为实际的 C#?我的意思是,你会从哪里开始呢?据我了解,C# 的接口的行为与 IDL 在这里调用接口的行为有很大不同。我错了吗?

interface Node {

  // NodeType
  const unsigned short      ELEMENT_NODE                   = 1;
  const unsigned short      ATTRIBUTE_NODE                 = 2;
  const unsigned short      TEXT_NODE                      = 3;
  const unsigned short      CDATA_SECTION_NODE             = 4;
  const unsigned short      ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE          = 5;
  const unsigned short      ENTITY_NODE                    = 6;
  const unsigned short      PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE    = 7;
  const unsigned short      COMMENT_NODE                   = 8;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_NODE                  = 9;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE             = 10;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE         = 11;
  const unsigned short      NOTATION_NODE                  = 12;

  readonly attribute DOMString       nodeName;
           attribute DOMString       nodeValue;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting
                                        // raises(DOMException) on retrieval

  readonly attribute unsigned short  nodeType;
  readonly attribute Node            parentNode;
  readonly attribute NodeList        childNodes;
  readonly attribute Node            firstChild;
  readonly attribute Node            lastChild;
  readonly attribute Node            previousSibling;
  readonly attribute Node            nextSibling;
  readonly attribute NamedNodeMap    attributes;
  // Modified in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute Document        ownerDocument;
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  Node               insertBefore(in Node newChild, 
                                  in Node refChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  Node               replaceChild(in Node newChild, 
                                  in Node oldChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  Node               removeChild(in Node oldChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  Node               appendChild(in Node newChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  boolean            hasChildNodes();
  Node               cloneNode(in boolean deep);
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  void               normalize();
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  boolean            isSupported(in DOMString feature, 
                                 in DOMString version);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute DOMString       namespaceURI;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
           attribute DOMString       prefix;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting

  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute DOMString       localName;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  boolean            hasAttributes();
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  readonly attribute DOMString       baseURI;

  // DocumentPosition
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_POSITION_DISCONNECTED = 0x01;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_POSITION_PRECEDING    = 0x02;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING    = 0x04;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINS     = 0x08;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINED_BY = 0x10;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_POSITION_IMPLEMENTATION_SPECIFIC = 0x20;

  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  unsigned short     compareDocumentPosition(in Node other)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
           attribute DOMString       textContent;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting
                                        // raises(DOMException) on retrieval

  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  boolean            isSameNode(in Node other);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMString          lookupPrefix(in DOMString namespaceURI);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  boolean            isDefaultNamespace(in DOMString namespaceURI);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMString          lookupNamespaceURI(in DOMString prefix);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  boolean            isEqualNode(in Node arg);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMObject          getFeature(in DOMString feature, 
                                in DOMString version);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMUserData        setUserData(in DOMString key, 
                                 in DOMUserData data, 
                                 in UserDataHandler handler);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMUserData        getUserData(in DOMString key);
};

For example, the DOM specification has various IDL definitions, one of which is the Interface Node. How would you go about translating this—even a portion of this—into actual C#? I mean, where would you even start? As far as I understand, C#'s interfaces behave much differently than what IDL is calling an interface here. Am I wrong?

interface Node {

  // NodeType
  const unsigned short      ELEMENT_NODE                   = 1;
  const unsigned short      ATTRIBUTE_NODE                 = 2;
  const unsigned short      TEXT_NODE                      = 3;
  const unsigned short      CDATA_SECTION_NODE             = 4;
  const unsigned short      ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE          = 5;
  const unsigned short      ENTITY_NODE                    = 6;
  const unsigned short      PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE    = 7;
  const unsigned short      COMMENT_NODE                   = 8;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_NODE                  = 9;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE             = 10;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE         = 11;
  const unsigned short      NOTATION_NODE                  = 12;

  readonly attribute DOMString       nodeName;
           attribute DOMString       nodeValue;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting
                                        // raises(DOMException) on retrieval

  readonly attribute unsigned short  nodeType;
  readonly attribute Node            parentNode;
  readonly attribute NodeList        childNodes;
  readonly attribute Node            firstChild;
  readonly attribute Node            lastChild;
  readonly attribute Node            previousSibling;
  readonly attribute Node            nextSibling;
  readonly attribute NamedNodeMap    attributes;
  // Modified in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute Document        ownerDocument;
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  Node               insertBefore(in Node newChild, 
                                  in Node refChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  Node               replaceChild(in Node newChild, 
                                  in Node oldChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  Node               removeChild(in Node oldChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  Node               appendChild(in Node newChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  boolean            hasChildNodes();
  Node               cloneNode(in boolean deep);
  // Modified in DOM Level 3:
  void               normalize();
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  boolean            isSupported(in DOMString feature, 
                                 in DOMString version);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute DOMString       namespaceURI;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
           attribute DOMString       prefix;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting

  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  readonly attribute DOMString       localName;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  boolean            hasAttributes();
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  readonly attribute DOMString       baseURI;

  // DocumentPosition
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_POSITION_DISCONNECTED = 0x01;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_POSITION_PRECEDING    = 0x02;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING    = 0x04;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINS     = 0x08;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_POSITION_CONTAINED_BY = 0x10;
  const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_POSITION_IMPLEMENTATION_SPECIFIC = 0x20;

  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  unsigned short     compareDocumentPosition(in Node other)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
           attribute DOMString       textContent;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting
                                        // raises(DOMException) on retrieval

  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  boolean            isSameNode(in Node other);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMString          lookupPrefix(in DOMString namespaceURI);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  boolean            isDefaultNamespace(in DOMString namespaceURI);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMString          lookupNamespaceURI(in DOMString prefix);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  boolean            isEqualNode(in Node arg);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMObject          getFeature(in DOMString feature, 
                                in DOMString version);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMUserData        setUserData(in DOMString key, 
                                 in DOMUserData data, 
                                 in UserDataHandler handler);
  // Introduced in DOM Level 3:
  DOMUserData        getUserData(in DOMString key);
};

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满地尘埃落定 2024-09-17 22:09:57

背景

在 C# 中,接口根据定义是空的,并且有许多可能的实现。在 COM 中,一般来说,接口将有一个实现并定义一个调用契约,而不是一个实现契约(如 Web 服务或 CORBA)。在 C# 中,接口的实现是 .NET 特定的。在 COM 中,接口的实现是与语言无关的,但是是二进制实现(与 SOAP 消息不同,SOAP 消息是文本/XML)。这种二进制定义一直是 COM 批评者和非 Windows 系统(同样,与 Web 服务相反)上 COM 的缓慢(如果有的话)采用的食物。

对于几乎所有 IDL 命令,C# 中都存在等效的可能性,尽管并不总是仅在接口中。 COM的基本接口始终是IUknown,用于对象引用计数,所有COM对象都必须包含该接口。

在演讲中,当谈论 COM 接口时,通常会谈论实现。在 C# 中,您通常谈论调用者和实现者理解的空契约。

正如您提到的,上面的IDL

是针对 DOM 的。 DOM 是用 C# 实现的,比它的 COM 同类(以及许多版本)强大得多。如果您确实想创建一个可以调用 COM DOM 接口的 C# 类包装器:

  • 使用 MIDL(Visual Studio 附带)创建 TLB,
  • 然后运行 ​​tlbimp.exe(.NET 附带)创建 .NET COM 包装器,您可以将其包含在您的项目中。

您还可以直接在 COM dll(进程内)或可执行文件(进程外)上运行 tlbimp.exe 以创建 .NET COM 包装器。

更多信息

Don Box 的著名著作 Essential COM< /a>,关于 IDL,我建议 Gudgin 的基本 IDL

关于 COM 和 .NET 的所有知识绝对都写在全面但有点臃肿的 .NET 和 .COM 完整的互操作性指南,作者:Nathan。这不是一本你会从头到尾读完的书,但它是极好的参考材料。

Background

In C#, an interface is by definition empty and has many possible implementations. In COM, in general, an interface will have one implementation and defines a calling contract, not an implementation contract (like with web services or CORBA). In C#, the implementation of an interface is .NET specific. In COM, the implementation of an interface is a language-neutral, but a binary implementation (as opposed to SOAP messages, which is textual/XML). This binary definition has always been food for criticasters of COM and the slow (if at all) adoption of COM on non-Windows systems (again, as opposed to web services).

For practically all IDL commands, there's an equivalent possibility in C#, albeit not always within just in interface. The base interface of COM is always IUknown, which is used for object reference counting, which must be included by all COM objects.

In speech, when talking about a COM interface, you usually talk about an implementation. In c#, you usually talk about the empty contracts that callers and implementers understand.

Translate IDL

The IDL above is for DOM, as you mention. The DOM is implemented in C# and is much more powerful than its COM cousins (and many versions). If you really want to create a C# class wrapper that can call the COM DOM interfaces:

  • use MIDL (comes with Visual Studio) to create a TLB,
  • then run tlbimp.exe (comes with .NET) to create a .NET COM wrapper, which you can include in your project.

You can also run tlbimp.exe directly on the COM dlls (in process) or executables (out of process) to create a .NET COM Wrapper.

More information

A basic, yet extremely brilliant and thorough introduction to COM is Don Box's famous book Essential COM, about IDL I suggest Essential IDL by Gudgin.

Absolutely everything there is to know about COM and .NET is written down in the comprehensive, yet slightly bloated, .NET and .COM The Complete Interoperability Guide by Nathan. Not a book you will read from cover to cover, but it makes excellent reference material.

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