如何强制 XDocument 输出“UTF-8”在声明行？

Question

以下代码产生此输出：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16" standalone="yes"?>
<customers>
  <customer>
    <firstName>Jim</firstName>
    <lastName>Smith</lastName>
  </customer>
</customers>

如何让它产生 encoding="utf-8" 而不是 encoding="utf-16"？

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace test_xml2
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<Customer> customers = new List<Customer> {
                new Customer {FirstName="Jim", LastName="Smith", Age=27},
                new Customer {FirstName="Hank", LastName="Moore", Age=28},
                new Customer {FirstName="Jay", LastName="Smythe", Age=44},
                new Customer {FirstName="Angie", LastName="Thompson", Age=25},
                new Customer {FirstName="Sarah", LastName="Conners", Age=66}
            };

            Console.WriteLine(BuildXmlWithLINQ(customers));

            Console.ReadLine();

        }
        private static string BuildXmlWithLINQ(List<Customer> customers)
        {
            XDocument xdoc =
                new XDocument(
                    new XDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", "yes"),
                    new XElement("customers",
                        new XElement("customer",
                            new XElement("firstName", "Jim"),
                            new XElement("lastName", "Smith")
                        )
                    )
                );

            var wr = new StringWriter();
            xdoc.Save(wr);

            return wr.GetStringBuilder().ToString();
        }
    }

    public class Customer
    {
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }

        public string Display()
        {
            return String.Format("{0}, {1} ({2})", LastName, FirstName, Age);
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

您可以使用以下代码作为示例

XDocument doc = GetXmlDoc();
using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
{
    doc.Save(stream, SaveOptions.DisableFormatting);
    var docBytes = stream.ToArray();
    File.WriteAllBytes("fileName.xml", docBytes);
}

Answer 2

这不是 .NET 中的错误。这是因为您使用 StringWriter 作为 XDocument 的目标。由于StringWriter内部使用UTF-16，因此文档也必须使用UTF-16作为编码。如果您将 XDoc 保存到流或文件中，它将按照指示使用 UTF-8。

有关详细信息，请参阅 关于StringWriter.Encoding的MSDN信息：

对于某些 XML 场景，此属性是必需的，其中必须写入包含 StringWriter 使用的编码的标头。这允许 XML 代码使用任意 StringWriter 并生成正确的 XML 标头。

Answer 3

让我回答我自己的问题，这似乎有效：

private static string BuildXmlWithLINQ()
{
    XDocument xdoc = new XDocument
    (
        new XDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", "yes"),
        new XElement("customers",
            new XElement("customer",
                new XElement("firstName", "Jim"),
                new XElement("lastName", "Smith")
            )
        )
    );
    return xdoc.Declaration.ToString() + Environment.NewLine + xdoc.ToString();
}