给定一个边界框和一条线(两个点),确定该线是否与该框相交
给定一个边界框,其定义如 bounds.min.(x/y/z)
、bounds.max.(x/y/z)
以及3D空间(表示为Vector3
对象),如何确定两点所构成的线是否与边界框相交?
Given a bounding box, with definitions like bounds.min.(x/y/z)
, bounds.max.(x/y/z)
, and two points in 3D space (expressed as Vector3
objects), how can I determine if the line made by the two points intersects the bounding box?
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JavaScript 版本,基于 SpikeX 答案和 glMatrix:
JavaScript version, based on SpikeX answer and glMatrix:
您可以将边界框表示为 12 个三角形(6 个面各 2 个)。然后你可以检查你的线与每条线的交点。我有一个线-三角形相交函数,但它是为我自己的软件渲染引擎编写的,而不是为 D3D 编写的。如果您需要代码,我可以尝试转换它。
You can represent you bounding box as 12 triangles (2 for each of 6 faces). Then you can check intersection of your line with each of them. I have a line-triangle intersection function, but it was written for my own software rendering engine, not for D3D. I can try to convert it, if you need the code.
添加 Python 实现。未经广泛测试,请不要依赖它!
Adding a Python implementation. Please do not rely on it without an extensive testing!
这里有一个在线 C++ 实现:Line Box Intersection ( http://www.3dkingdoms.com/weekly/weekly.php?a= 3)
另一个链接,包含大量交叉测试的参考(和代码):http: //www.realtimerendering.com/intersections.html
如果您想了解有关相交测试的更多信息,这就是圣经:实时碰撞检测 (Amazon)
编辑:此 论文(“一种高效且鲁棒的射线盒相交算法”,Amy Williams 和 Steve Barrus 以及 R. Keith Morley 和 Peter Shirley;图形、GPU 和游戏工具杂志,第 1 卷) 10(1), 49-54, 2005) 看起来特别简洁,并且还附带 (C++) 源代码。
There is an implementation in C++ available online here: Line Box Intersection (http://www.3dkingdoms.com/weekly/weekly.php?a=3)
Another link, with references (and code) for a lot of intersection tests: http://www.realtimerendering.com/intersections.html
If you want to learn more about intersection tests, this one is the bible: Real-Time Collision Detection (Amazon)
EDIT: the algorithm in this paper ("An Efficient and Robust Ray-Box Intersection Algorithm", Amy Williams and Steve Barrus and R. Keith Morley and Peter Shirley; journal of graphics, gpu, and game tools, Vol. 10(1), 49-54, 2005) looks especially concise and comes with (C++) source code, too.
如果您想自己进行数学计算,可以采用以下一种方法:将线与边界框创建的 6 个平面中的每一个相交。
直线的向量表示为 X = B + t*D,其中 B 是基点(例如,您的第一个点)的元组 (x,y,z),D 是直线的方向,再次表示为元组 (dx, dy, dz)。您可以通过将其中一个点减去另一个点来获得方向,因此如果您有点 P1 (x1, y1, z1) 和 P2(x2, y2, z2),则 D = P2 - P1 且 B = P1,即 D = (x2 - x1, y2 - y1, z2 - z1)。我们将这个向量的元素称为 dx、dy 和 dz。
平面的参数表示为 x + y + z = c。因此,将边界框转换为这种表示形式,然后使用直线的参数表示形式,例如三个方程 x = x1 + tdx、y = y1 + tdy、z = z1 + t* dz,替换平面方程中的 x、y 和 z。求解 t。由于 6 个平面中的每一个都将平行于由 2 个轴创建的平面,因此您的问题变得更容易;例如,对于与 x 和 y 轴创建的平面平行的平面,平面方程只需变为 z = c,而 c 是边界框点之一的 z 坐标,依此类推。
现在使用 t 计算直线与平面的交点。 (如果 t < 0 或 > 1,则您的线在 P1-P2 外部相交,如果 t >= 0 且 t <= 1,则您的线与 P1 和 P2 之间的某个平面相交)
现在您'还没有完成。平面方程给出了一个平面,而不是一个矩形,因此与平面的交点实际上可能在矩形之外,但由于您现在有了交点的坐标(x = x1 + t * dx 等等),您可以轻松查看该点是否在边界框的矩形内。现在,您的问题减少为检查 2D 空间中的点是否位于边界框矩形内,这很容易检查。
当然,如果您实际使用此解决方案,您应该做的第一件事是检查该线是否也沿一个轴对齐,因为在这种情况下,您的相交代码变得微不足道,并且它还将解决线不相交的问题一些平面,例如大量或少量的t,甚至可能上溢或下溢。
我敢打赌有更快的方法可以做到这一点,但它会起作用。
Here's one way to do it if you want to do the math yourself: Intersect the line with each of the 6 planes created by the bounding box.
The vector representation of the line is X = B + t*D, where B is a Tuple (x,y,z) of the base point (say, your first point) and D is the direction of the line, again expressed as a Tuple (dx, dy, dz). You get the direction by subtracting one of the points from the other, so if you have points P1 (x1, y1, z1) and P2(x2, y2, z2), then D = P2 - P1 and B = P1, meaning D = (x2 - x1, y2 - y1, z2 - z1). We'll call the elements of this vector dx, dy and dz.
The parametric representation of the plane is x + y + z = c. So, convert your bounding box to this represenation and then use the parametric representation of your line, e.g. the three equations x = x1 + tdx, y = y1 + tdy, z = z1 + t*dz, to substitute x,y and z in your plane equation. Solve for t. Since each of your 6 planes is going to be parallel to the plane created by 2 of the axis, your problem becomes easier; for example for the plane that is parallel to the plane created by the x and y axis, your plane equation simply becomes z = c, whereas c is the z-coordinate of one of your bounding box points, and so on.
Now use t to calculate the intersection point of the line with your plane. (If t is < 0 or > 1, then your line intersects OUTSIDE of P1-P2, if t >= 0 and t <= 1, then your line intersects the plane somewhere between P1 and P2)
Now you're not done yet. The plane equation gives you a plane, not a rectangle, so the point of intersection with the plane might actually be OUTSIDE your rectangle, but since you now have the coordinates of your intersection (x = x1 + t * dx and so on), you can easily see if that point is inside the rectangle your bounding box. Your problem is now reduced to check whether a point in 2D space is inside a bounding box rectangle, which is trivial to check.
Of course, the first thing you should do if you actually use this solution is check whether the line is also aligned along one axis because in that case, your intersection code becomes trivial and it will also take care of the problem of the line not intersecting some planes, e.g. huge or tiny numbers of t, maybe even over- or underflows.
I bet there are faster ways to do this, but it will work.
这是似乎有效的代码,从 Greg S 的答案转换为 C#:
Here is the code which seems to be working, converted from Greg S's answer into C#: