无法在 Mac OS X 10.6 上的 Python 中将 Matplotlib 中的字体更改为 Helvetica

发布于 2024-09-08 15:04:33 字数 2112 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我正在尝试将 matplotlib 字体更改为 helvetica,我想在 PDF 绘图中使用它。我尝试以下操作:

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('PDF')
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
from matplotlib import rc
plt.rcParams['ps.useafm'] = True
rc('font',**{'family':'sans-serif','sans-serif':['Helvetica']})
plt.rcParams['pdf.fonttype'] = 42

这不起作用 - 当我使用 --verbose-debug 运行代码时,我收到错误:

backend WXAgg version 2.8.10.1
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/6.2/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/__init__.py:833: UserWarning:  This call to matplotlib.use() has no effect
because the the backend has already been chosen;
matplotlib.use() must be called *before* pylab, matplotlib.pyplot,
or matplotlib.backends is imported for the first time.
findfont: Could not match :family=sans-serif:style=normal:variant=normal:weight=normal:stretch=normal:size=medium. Returning /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/6.2/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf/Vera.ttf
Assigning font /F1 = /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/6.2/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf/Vera.ttf
Embedding font /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/6.2/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf/Vera.ttf
Writing TrueType font

所以显然它找不到 Helvetica。我不知道为什么。我在 mpl-data 的 afm 目录中有 Helvetica,当 matplotlib 启动时,它会读取它并输出:

createFontDict: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/6.2/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/afm/Helvetica.afm

我还需要特殊的 .ttf Helvetica 字体吗?如果是这样,我怎样才能得到它?我知道我的系统上有 Helvetica,因为我在 Illustrator 和许多其他程序中看到它。

我正在使用 Enthought Python 发行版,如下所示:

$ python
Enthought Python Distribution -- http://www.enthought.com
Version: 6.2-2 (32-bit)

Python 2.6.5 |EPD 6.2-2 (32-bit)| (r265:79063, May 28 2010, 15:13:03) 
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5488)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib
>>> matplotlib.__version__
'0.99.3'

有什么想法可以解决这个问题吗?

谢谢。

I am trying to change the matplotlib font to helvetica, which I'd like to use in a PDF plot. I try the following:

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('PDF')
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
from matplotlib import rc
plt.rcParams['ps.useafm'] = True
rc('font',**{'family':'sans-serif','sans-serif':['Helvetica']})
plt.rcParams['pdf.fonttype'] = 42

This does not work -- when I run my code with --verbose-debug, I get the error:

backend WXAgg version 2.8.10.1
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/6.2/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/__init__.py:833: UserWarning:  This call to matplotlib.use() has no effect
because the the backend has already been chosen;
matplotlib.use() must be called *before* pylab, matplotlib.pyplot,
or matplotlib.backends is imported for the first time.
findfont: Could not match :family=sans-serif:style=normal:variant=normal:weight=normal:stretch=normal:size=medium. Returning /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/6.2/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf/Vera.ttf
Assigning font /F1 = /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/6.2/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf/Vera.ttf
Embedding font /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/6.2/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf/Vera.ttf
Writing TrueType font

So apparently it cannot find Helvetica. I am not sure why. I have Helvetica in the afm directory of mpl-data, and when matplotlib initiates it reads it and outputs:

createFontDict: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/6.2/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/afm/Helvetica.afm

Do I need a special .ttf Helvetica font in addition? If so, how can I get it? I know I have Helvetica on my system since I see it in Illustrator and many other programs.

I am using Enthought Python distribution as follows:

$ python
Enthought Python Distribution -- http://www.enthought.com
Version: 6.2-2 (32-bit)

Python 2.6.5 |EPD 6.2-2 (32-bit)| (r265:79063, May 28 2010, 15:13:03) 
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5488)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib
>>> matplotlib.__version__
'0.99.3'

Any ideas how this can be fixed?

thanks.

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红焚 2024-09-15 15:04:34

OS X 10.11 El Capitan 和 Python 3 的分步解决方案(基于 这篇文章)。

  1. 安装火锅:
    brew install fontu
  2. 找出 matplotlib 位置:

    python3 -c "导入 matplotlib ; print(matplotlib.matplotlib_fname())" 
    

    对我来说,它是 /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc

  3. 制作 Helvetica 的副本:

    mkdir ~/Desktop/font_copies
    cp /System/Library/Fonts/Helvetica.dfont ~/Desktop/font_copies
    
  4. 将我们制作的 Helvetica 副本从 dfont 转换为 ttf

    cd /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf/
    fontu -show ~/Desktop/font_copies/Helvetica.dfont
    
  5. 删除字体缓存:rm ~/.matplotlib /fontList.py3k.cache

完成!现在您可以使用 Helvetica:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rc('font', family='Helvetica')

Step-by-step solution for OS X 10.11 El Capitan and Python 3 (based on this post).

  1. Install fondu:
    brew install fondu
  2. Find out matplotlib location:

    python3 -c "import matplotlib ; print(matplotlib.matplotlib_fname())" 
    

    For me it's /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc

  3. Make a copy of Helvetica:

    mkdir ~/Desktop/font_copies
    cp /System/Library/Fonts/Helvetica.dfont ~/Desktop/font_copies
    
  4. Convert the Helvetica copy we've made from dfont to ttf:

    cd /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf/
    fondu -show ~/Desktop/font_copies/Helvetica.dfont
    
  5. Remove font cache: rm ~/.matplotlib/fontList.py3k.cache

Done! Now you can use Helvetica:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rc('font', family='Helvetica')
憧憬巴黎街头的黎明 2024-09-15 15:04:34

解决方案是使用 fontu 将 .dfont Helvetica 字体从 Mac OS X 转换为 .ttf,然后将其放入 Matplotlib 查找的 mpl-data/fonts 目录中。这解决了问题。

The solution is to use fondu to convert the .dfont Helvetica font from Mac OS X into .ttf, and then place that in the mpl-data/fonts directory that Matplotlib looks in. That solved the issue.

〗斷ホ乔殘χμё〖 2024-09-15 15:04:34

如果它对任何人有帮助,我编写了一个脚本,自动将 .ttf 字体从自定义文件夹添加到 mpl-data。将您的 .ttf 文件放在某个文件夹中,然后运行此脚本来移动它们。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Imports
import os
import re
import shutil
from glob import glob
from matplotlib import matplotlib_fname
from matplotlib import get_cachedir

# Copy files over
_dir_data = re.sub('/matplotlibrc

这最初出现在这篇 stackoverflow 帖子中。

, '', matplotlib_fname()) dir_source = '<your-font-directory-here>' dir_dest = f'{_dir_data}/fonts/ttf' # print(f'Transfering .ttf and .otf files from {dir_source} to {dir_dest}.') for file in glob(f'{dir_source}/*.[ot]tf'): if not os.path.exists(f'{dir_dest}/{os.path.basename(file)}'): print(f'Adding font "{os.path.basename(file)}".') shutil.copy(file, dir_dest) # Delete cache dir_cache = get_cachedir() for file in glob(f'{dir_cache}/*.cache') + glob(f'{dir_cache}/font*'): if not os.path.isdir(file): # don't dump the tex.cache folder... because dunno why os.remove(file) print(f'Deleted font cache {file}.')

这最初出现在这篇 stackoverflow 帖子中。

In case it helps anyone, I wrote a script that automatically adds .ttf fonts from a custom folder to mpl-data. Place your .ttf files in some folder, and run this script to move them.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Imports
import os
import re
import shutil
from glob import glob
from matplotlib import matplotlib_fname
from matplotlib import get_cachedir

# Copy files over
_dir_data = re.sub('/matplotlibrc

This originally appeared in this stackoverflow post.

, '', matplotlib_fname()) dir_source = '<your-font-directory-here>' dir_dest = f'{_dir_data}/fonts/ttf' # print(f'Transfering .ttf and .otf files from {dir_source} to {dir_dest}.') for file in glob(f'{dir_source}/*.[ot]tf'): if not os.path.exists(f'{dir_dest}/{os.path.basename(file)}'): print(f'Adding font "{os.path.basename(file)}".') shutil.copy(file, dir_dest) # Delete cache dir_cache = get_cachedir() for file in glob(f'{dir_cache}/*.cache') + glob(f'{dir_cache}/font*'): if not os.path.isdir(file): # don't dump the tex.cache folder... because dunno why os.remove(file) print(f'Deleted font cache {file}.')

This originally appeared in this stackoverflow post.

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