Python:如果满足条件,则循环一个字典并在新字典中创建键/值对

发布于 2024-09-08 02:23:08 字数 2319 浏览 3 评论 0原文

我想将一个字典的值与第二个字典的值进行比较。如果值满足特定条件,我想创建第三个字典,其中的键和值对将根据匹配情况而变化。

这是一个显示我的问题的人为示例。

编辑:对所有返回感到抱歉,但堆栈溢出无法识别单个返回,并且在一行上运行 3-4 行,使代码难以辨认。另外,它不会将我的代码显示为灰色。不知道为什么。

employee = {'skills': 'superintendent', 'teaches': 'social studies', 
            'grades': 'K-12'}
school_districts = {0: {'needs':  'superintendent', 'grades': 'K-12'}, 
                    1:{'needs': 'social_studies', 'grades': 'K-12'}}
jobs_in_school_district = {}
for key in school_districts:
    if (employee['skills'] == school_districts[key]['needs']):
        jobs_in_school_district[key] = {}
        jobs_in_school_district[key]['best_paying_job'] = 'superintendent'

    if (employee['teaches'] == school_districts[key]['needs']):
        jobs_in_school_district[key] = {}
        jobs_in_school_district[key]['other_job'] = 'social_studies_teacher'

print(jobs_in_school_district)

这是我想看到的“jobs_in_school_district”的值:

{0: {'best_paying_job': 'superintendent'}, 
 1: {'other_job': 'social_studies_teacher'}}

这就是我得到的:

{1: {'other_job': 'social_studies_teacher'}}

我明白这里出了什么问题。 Python 在第一个 if 块(第 6-8 行)之后将 jobs_in_school_district 设置为等于 {0: {'best_paying_job': 'superintendent'}。然后它执行第二个 if 块(第 10 行)。但随后它会覆盖第 11 行的 {0: {'best_paying_job': 'superintendent'} 并再次创建一个空字典。然后它在第 12 行将 1: {'other_job': 'social_studies_teacher'}' 分配给 jobs_in_school_district

但是如果我消除每个中的两个 jobs_in_school_district[key] = {} for 块(第 7 行和第 11 行),只需在“for”语句(新第 5 行)之前放置一个,如下所示:

jobs_in_school_district[key] = {}

for key in school_districts:
    if (employee['skills'] == school_districts[key]['needs']):
        jobs_in_school_district[key]['best_paying_job'] = 'superintendent'

    if (employee['teaches'] == jobs[key]['needs']):
        jobs_in_school_district[key]['other_job'] = 'social_studies_teacher'

print(jobs_in_school_district)

它只会检查“school_districts”字典中的第一个键,然后停止(我猜它会停止循环) ,我不知道),所以我得到了这个:(

jobs_in_school_district = {0: {'best_paying_job': 'superintendent'}

我尝试重写几次,有时我得到一个“关键错误”)。

第一个问题:为什么第二个代码块不起作用? 第二个问题:如何编写代码才能使其正常工作?

(我不太明白“next”(方法或函数)及其作用,所以如果我必须使用它,你能解释一下吗?谢谢)。

I want to compare the values of one dictionary to the values of a second dictionary. If the values meet certain criteria, I want to create a third dictionary with keys and value pairs that will vary depending on the matches.

Here is a contrived example that shows my problem.

edit: sorry about all the returns, but stack overflow is not recognizing single returns and is running 3-4 lines onto one line, making the code illegible. also, it's not greying out my code as code. don't know why.

employee = {'skills': 'superintendent', 'teaches': 'social studies', 
            'grades': 'K-12'}
school_districts = {0: {'needs':  'superintendent', 'grades': 'K-12'}, 
                    1:{'needs': 'social_studies', 'grades': 'K-12'}}
jobs_in_school_district = {}
for key in school_districts:
    if (employee['skills'] == school_districts[key]['needs']):
        jobs_in_school_district[key] = {}
        jobs_in_school_district[key]['best_paying_job'] = 'superintendent'

    if (employee['teaches'] == school_districts[key]['needs']):
        jobs_in_school_district[key] = {}
        jobs_in_school_district[key]['other_job'] = 'social_studies_teacher'

print(jobs_in_school_district)

This is the value I want to see for 'jobs_in_school_district ':

{0: {'best_paying_job': 'superintendent'}, 
 1: {'other_job': 'social_studies_teacher'}}

This is what I'm getting:

{1: {'other_job': 'social_studies_teacher'}}

I understand what's wrong here. Python is setting jobs_in_school_district equal to {0: {'best_paying_job': 'superintendent'} after the first if block (lines 6-8). Then it executes the second if block (line 10). But then it overwrites the {0: {'best_paying_job': 'superintendent'} at line 11 and creates an empty dict again. Then it assigns 1: {'other_job': 'social_studies_teacher'}' to jobs_in_school_district at line 12.

But if I eliminate the two jobs_in_school_district[key] = {} in each of the for blocks (lines 7 and 11) and just put one before the 'for' statement (new line 5) like this:

jobs_in_school_district[key] = {}

for key in school_districts:
    if (employee['skills'] == school_districts[key]['needs']):
        jobs_in_school_district[key]['best_paying_job'] = 'superintendent'

    if (employee['teaches'] == jobs[key]['needs']):
        jobs_in_school_district[key]['other_job'] = 'social_studies_teacher'

print(jobs_in_school_district)

It will only check the first key in the 'school_districts' dict and then stop (it stops looping I guess, I don't know), so I get this:

jobs_in_school_district = {0: {'best_paying_job': 'superintendent'}

(I've tried re-writing it a few times and sometimes I get a "key error" instead).

First question: why doesn't that second block of code work?
Second question: how do I write code so it does work?

(I don't really understand 'next' (method or function) and what it does, so if I have to use it, could you please explain? Thanks).

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评论(3

雪落纷纷 2024-09-15 02:23:08

最简单的修复(并回答您的第一个问题):您的最新代码片段中未正确定义key,但分配必须位于for内部if 之外:

for key in school_districts:
    jobs_in_school_district[key] = {}
    if ... etc etc ...

    if ... other etc etc ...

最简单的实际上可能是使用“默认字典”而不是普通字典:

import collections
jobs_in_school_district = collections.defaultdict(dict)

现在您可以删除对 [key] 索引的分配,它将是当第一次需要任何给定的密钥时,会自动为您完成。

Simplest fix (and answer to your first question): key is not properly defined in your latest snippets, the assignment must be inside the for though outside the ifs:

for key in school_districts:
    jobs_in_school_district[key] = {}
    if ... etc etc ...

    if ... other etc etc ...

Simplest may actually be to use "default dicts" instead of plain ones:

import collections
jobs_in_school_district = collections.defaultdict(dict)

Now you can remove the assignment to the [key] indexing and it will be done for you, automatically, if and when needed for the first time for any given key.

无远思近则忧 2024-09-15 02:23:08

尝试放置

jobs_in_school_district[key] = {}

在 for 循环之后但 if 语句之前。

是的,格式不可读。

Try placing

jobs_in_school_district[key] = {}

after the for loop but before the if statements.

And yea the formatting is unreadable.

旧竹 2024-09-15 02:23:08

如果您将 Social_studies 更改为不带下划线的社会研究,则代码将按您的预期工作。看到这一行:

school_districts = {0: {'needs':  'superintendent', 'grades': 'K-12'}, 
                    1:{'needs': 'social_studies', 'grades': 'K-12'}}

If you change social_studies to social studies without the underscore the code works as you expected. See this line:

school_districts = {0: {'needs':  'superintendent', 'grades': 'K-12'}, 
                    1:{'needs': 'social_studies', 'grades': 'K-12'}}
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