使用 BeautifulSoup 抓取数据的问题

Question

我编写了以下试用代码，以从欧洲议会检索立法法案的标题。

import urllib2
from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup

search_url = "http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&mode=XML&reference=A7-2010-%.4d&language=EN"

for number in xrange(1,10):   
    url = search_url % number
    page = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()
    soup = BeautifulSoup(page)
    title = soup.findAll("title")
    print title

但是，每当我运行它时，我都会收到以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 20, in <module>
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u2013' in position 70: ordinal not in range(128)

我已将范围缩小到 BeautifulSoup 无法读取循环中的第四个文档。谁能向我解释我做错了什么？

亲切的问候

托马斯

Answer 1

BeautifulSoup 在 Unicode 中工作，因此它不对解码错误负责。更有可能的是，您的问题与 print 语句有关 - 您的标准输出似乎是 ascii 格式（即 sys.stdout.encoding = 'ascii' 或不存在）并且因此，如果尝试打印包含非 ASCII 字符的字符串，您确实会收到此类错误。

你的操作系统是什么？您的控制台又名终端设置如何（例如，如果在 Windows 上，则为“代码页”）？您是否在环境 PYTHONIOENCODING 中设置来控制 sys.stdout.encoding 或者您只是希望自动选择编码？

在我的 Mac 上，检测到编码正确正确，运行您的代码（为了清楚起见，还可以将数字与每个标题一起打印）工作正常并显示：

$ python ebs.py 
1 [<title>REPORT Report on the proposal for a Council regulation temporarily suspending autonomous Common Customs Tariff duties on imports of certain industrial products into the autonomous regions of Madeira and the Azores - A7-0001/2010</title>]
2 [<title>REPORT Report on the proposal for a Council directive concerning mutual assistance for the recovery of claims relating to taxes, duties and other measures - A7-0002/2010</title>]
3 [<title>REPORT Report on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Regulation (EC) No 1085/2006 of 17 July 2006 establishing an Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) - A7-0003/2010</title>]
4 [<title>REPORT on equality between women and men in the European Union – 2009 - A7-0004/2010</title>]
5 [<title>REPORT Report on the proposal for a Council decision on the conclusion by the European Community of the Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance - A7-0005/2010</title>]
6 [<title>REPORT on the proposal for a Council directive on administrative cooperation in the field of taxation - A7-0006/2010</title>]
7 [<title>REPORT Report on promoting good governance in tax matters - A7-0007/2010</title>]
8 [<title>REPORT Report on the proposal for a Council Directive amending Directive 2006/112/EC as regards an optional and temporary application of the reverse charge mechanism in relation to supplies of certain goods and services susceptible to fraud - A7-0008/2010</title>]
9 [<title>REPORT Recommendation on the proposal for a Council decision concerning the conclusion, on behalf of the European Community, of the Additional Protocol to the Cooperation Agreement for the Protection of the Coasts and Waters of the North-East Atlantic against Pollution - A7-0009/2010</title>]
$ 

Answer 2

替换

print title

为

for t in title:
    print(t)

或

print('\n'.join(t.string for t in title))

有效。我不完全确定为什么 print 有时有效，有时却无效。

Answer 3

如果要将标题打印到文件中，则需要指定一些可以表示非 ascii 字符的编码，utf8 应该可以正常工作。为此，您需要

out = codecs.open('titles.txt', 'w', 'utf8')

在脚本顶部

添加：并打印到文件：

print >> out, title