如何修复 matplotlib 中的导入错误
我在运行雪豹的 Mac 上编译了 matplotlib，结果发现当我导入 matplotlib.pyplot 时出现以下错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 6, in <module>
from matplotlib.figure import Figure, figaspect
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 18, in <module>
from axes import Axes, SubplotBase, subplot_class_factory
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes.py", line 12, in <module>
import matplotlib.axis as maxis
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 10, in <module>
import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py", line 52, in <module>
from matplotlib import ft2font
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/ft2font.so, 2): Symbol not found: _FT_Attach_File
Referenced from: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/ft2font.so
Expected in: dynamic lookup
如何修复此问题？
I compiled matplotlib on a mac running snow leopard only to find that when I import matplotlib.pyplot I get the following error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 6, in <module>
from matplotlib.figure import Figure, figaspect
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 18, in <module>
from axes import Axes, SubplotBase, subplot_class_factory
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes.py", line 12, in <module>
import matplotlib.axis as maxis
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 10, in <module>
import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py", line 52, in <module>
from matplotlib import ft2font
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/ft2font.so, 2): Symbol not found: _FT_Attach_File
Referenced from: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/ft2font.so
Expected in: dynamic lookup
How do I fix this?
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众所周知，在 OS X 上构建 matplotlib 时会遇到链接到系统目录（/usr/local、/opt/local 等等）中的库版本不匹配的问题。这就是为什么源代码发行版中有一个 README.osx 文件，建议您使用发行版中提供的 make.osx 文件来获取和编译库，并针对获取的副本构建 matplotlib。
Building matplotlib on OS X is notoriously fraught with problems linking to mismatched versions of libraries that can be in the system directories, /usr/local, /opt/local, what have you. That's why there is a README.osx file in the source distribution advising you to use the make.osx file provided in the distribution that fetches and compiles the libraries and builds matplotlib against the fetched copy.