Java 和 SEO 友好的 URL：©reate ╨由特殊字符组成的字符串中的有效 http URL

Question

我正在尝试从可能包含特殊字符、带重音符号的字母、类似中文的字符等的字符串中提取 SEO 友好的 URL。
SO 正在这样做，并且正在将这篇文章的标题翻译为“

java-and-seo-friendly-urls-reate--a-valid-http-url-from-a-string-composed-by-s

我正在尝试用 Java 执行此操作”。
我正在使用 这篇文章 解决方案和 URLEncoder .encode 将中文和其他符号翻译为有效的 URL 字符。

你曾经实现过类似的东西吗？有更好的办法吗？

Answer 1

这可能是解决问题的过于简单的方法，但您可以仅使用正则表达式来删除所有非标准字符。因此，将字符串转换为小写后，您可以将所有非小写字母字符替换为空字符，然后将所有空格替换为“-”字符。

private static String encodeForUrl(String input) {
  return input.toLowerCase().replaceAll("[^a-z\\s]", "").replaceAll("\\s", "-");
}

Answer 2

我不知道有什么标准方法，我一直在使用与您所指的类似的解决方案。不确定哪个更好，所以这里有：

public class TextUtils {

private static final Pattern DIACRITICS_AND_FRIENDS =
        Pattern.compile("[\\p{InCombiningDiacriticalMarks}\\p{IsLm}\\p{IsSk}]+");

private static final Transliterator TO_LATIN_TRANSLITERATOR = Transliterator.getInstance("Any-Latin");

private static final Pattern EEQUIVALENTS = Pattern.compile("[ǝƏ]+");
private static final Pattern IEQUIVALENTS = Pattern.compile("[ı]+");
private static final Pattern DEQUIVALENTS = Pattern.compile("[Ððđ]+");
private static final Pattern OEQUIVALENTS = Pattern.compile("[Øø]+");
private static final Pattern LEQUIVALENTS = Pattern.compile("[Ł]+");

//all spaces, non-ascii and punctuation characters except _ and -
private static final Pattern CRAP = Pattern.compile("[\\p{IsSpace}\\P{IsASCII}\\p{IsP}\\+&&[^_]]");
private static final Pattern SEPARATORS = Pattern.compile("[\\p{IsSpace}/`-]");

private static final Pattern URLFRIENDLY = Pattern.compile("([a-zA-Z0-9_])*");
private static final CharsetEncoder ASCII_ENCODER = Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1").newEncoder();

/**
 * Returns true when the input test contains only characters from the ASCII set, false otherwise.
 */
public static boolean isPureAscii(String text) {
    return ASCII_ENCODER.canEncode(text);
}

/**
 * Replaces all characters that normalize into two characters with their base symbol (e.g. ü -> u)
 */
public static String replaceCombiningDiacriticalMarks(String text) {
    return DIACRITICS_AND_FRIENDS.matcher(Normalizer.normalize(text, Normalizer.Form.NFKD)).replaceAll("");
}

/**
 * Turns the input string into a url friendly variant (containing only alphanumeric characters and '-' and '_'). 
 * If the input string cannot be converted an IllegalArgumentException is thrown.
 */
public static String urlFriendlyStrict(String unfriendlyString) throws IllegalArgumentException {
    String friendlyString =
            urlFriendly(unfriendlyString);

    //Assert can be removed to improve performance
    Assert.isTrue(URLFRIENDLY.matcher(friendlyString).matches(),
            format("Friendly string [%s] based on [%s] is not friendly enough", friendlyString, unfriendlyString));
    return friendlyString;
}

/**
 * Turns the input string into a url friendly variant (containing only alphanumeric characters and '-' and '_').
 * Use {@link #urlFriendlyStrict(String)} to avoid potential bugs in this code.
 */
private static String urlFriendly(String unfriendlyString) {
    return removeCrappyCharacters(
            replaceEquivalentsOfSymbols(
                    replaceCombiningDiacriticalMarks(
                            transLiterateSymbols(
                                    replaceSeparatorsWithUnderscores(
                                            unfriendlyString.trim()))))).toLowerCase();
}

private static String transLiterateSymbols(String incomprehensibleString) {
    String latin = TO_LATIN_TRANSLITERATOR.transform(incomprehensibleString);
    return latin;
}

private static String replaceEquivalentsOfSymbols(String unfriendlyString) {
    return
            LEQUIVALENTS.matcher(
                    OEQUIVALENTS.matcher(
                            DEQUIVALENTS.matcher(
                                    IEQUIVALENTS.matcher(
                                            EEQUIVALENTS.matcher(unfriendlyString).replaceAll("e"))
                                            .replaceAll("i"))
                                    .replaceAll("d"))
                            .replaceAll("o"))
                    .replaceAll("l");
}

private static String removeCrappyCharacters(String unfriendlyString) {
    return CRAP.matcher(unfriendlyString).replaceAll("");
}

private static String replaceSeparatorsWithUnderscores(String unfriendlyString) {
    return SEPARATORS.matcher(unfriendlyString).replaceAll("_");
}

}

Answer 3

我想说 URLEncoder.encode 是可行的方法。所有非 URL 字符都会被映射，您肯定不想重新发明轮子（一次又一次）。