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创建雨效果/水滴的算法？

发布于 2024-09-06 18:23:15 字数 355 浏览 5 评论 0原文

无论使用任何特定语言，创建雨效果或水滴背后的原理是什么。我见过一些用 Flash 制作的令人印象深刻的雨水和水效果，但它实际上是如何工作的呢？

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鹿童谣 2024-09-13 18:23:15

你问的问题好像这两个例子是相关的，但你实际上有

1）模拟空气中看到的雨滴（滴迹；简单但真实性很大程度上取决于照明），

以便你模拟以下事件

for each time step:
    create new drops
    move existing drops vertically down
    remove (or/and animate) the drops hitting the ground

：其他答案中指出，可以使用各种算法创建新的水滴（大小和位置）。
至于速度，它们以恒定的速度移动。
最后，要显示您的踪迹，您需要查看简单的投影

2）模拟飞溅波浪（水模拟，在示例中显示了反射表面）

为此，您只需要知道水滴落在哪里以及它们有多大，其余的就是波传播。然而，只有存在反射时，这才真正可见，这可能有点棘手。

笔记：
决定真实性的因素有很多，但主要归结为细节。
例如，通常只有在奇怪的照明条件下（靠近灯或在高对比度背景下）才能清楚地看到雨。不然的话就相当惨淡了。

还有交互中的细节 - 溅到它撞击的表面上，这可能会留下气泡（如果足够近可以注意到），或产生波浪。

另一个例子 - 如果您查看此教程，这不太现实，但它确实说明了一点，您会看到，尽管雨看起来更像雪，但它暴露了第一个示例的“平坦度”（绝对没有深度）。

所以，一切都与细节有关。

尝试根据必须模拟的事件对您所拥有的内容进行建模，然后分别模拟每个事件 - 例如，使用分形来播种降雨可能是一种矫枉过正，但如果您很好地对您的工作进行建模，那么您可以从随机播种开始，然后用替代方法使用更准确/复杂的方法。

You are asking a question as if the two examples were related, but you actually have

1) simulating drops of rain as seen in air (drop trails; simple but the realism depends on lighting very much)

for this you to simulate following events:

for each time step:
    create new drops
    move existing drops vertically down
    remove (or/and animate) the drops hitting the ground

as pointed in other answers new drops (size and position) can be created with various algorithms.
as for speed they move with constant speed.
finally to show your trails you need to look at simple projections

2) simulating splash waves (water simulation, and in the example a reflective surface is shown)

For this you only need to know where the drops fall and how big they are, the rest is wave propagation. However that's only really visible if there is a reflection and that can be a bit tricky.

NOTES:
There are many things that determines realism, but mostly it boils down to detail.
For example rain is usually seen clearly only in strange lighting conditions - close to lamps or on high contrast background. Otherwise it is quite bleak.

Also the details in interaction - splashing on surfaces that it hits, which can leave bubbles (if close enough to notice), or create waves.

Another example - if you look at this tutorial, which is not really realistic, but it does illustrate one point, you will see that even though the rain looks more like a snow it exposes the 'flatness' of your first example (which has absolutely no depth).

So, it is all about detail.

Try to model what you have in terms of events that you have to simulate and then solve simulating each one separately - for example using fractals for seeding rain might be an overkill, but if you nicely model your work you start with random seeding and latter substitute with more accurate/complex methods.

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