如何从 wav 文件中获取 wav 样本?

发布于 2024-09-06 03:41:14 字数 74 浏览 3 评论 0原文

我想知道如何从 .wav 文件中获取样本,以便执行两个 .wav 文件的窗口连接。

任何人都可以告诉如何做到这一点吗?

I want to know how to get samples out of a .wav file in order to perform windowed join of two .wav files.

Can any one please tell how to do this?

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浅唱々樱花落 2024-09-13 03:41:16

您可以使用 wave 模块。首先,您应该阅读元数据,例如样本大小或通道数。使用 readframes() 方法,您可以读取样本,但只能读取字节字符串。根据示例格式,您必须使用 struct 将它们转换为示例.unpack()

或者,如果您希望样本作为浮点数数组,您可以使用 SciPy 的 io.wavfile 模块。

You can use the wave module. First you should read the metadata, such us sample size or the number of channels. Using the readframes() method, you can read samples, but only as a byte string. Based on the sample format, you have to convert them to samples using struct.unpack().

Alternatively, if you want the samples as an array of floating-point numbers, you can use SciPy's io.wavfile module.

强者自强 2024-09-13 03:41:16

这是一个从波形文件中读取样本的函数(使用单声道和立体声进行测试):

def read_samples(wave_file, nb_frames):
    frame_data = wave_file.readframes(nb_frames)
    if frame_data:
        sample_width = wave_file.getsampwidth()
        nb_samples = len(frame_data) // sample_width
        format = {1:"%db", 2:"<%dh", 4:"<%dl"}[sample_width] % nb_samples
        return struct.unpack(format, frame_data)
    else:
        return ()

这是执行窗口混合或连接多个 .wav 文件的完整脚本。所有输入文件需要具有相同的参数(通道数和样本宽度)。

import argparse
import itertools
import struct
import sys
import wave

def _struct_format(sample_width, nb_samples):
    return {1:"%db", 2:"<%dh", 4:"<%dl"}[sample_width] % nb_samples

def _mix_samples(samples):
    return sum(samples)//len(samples)

def read_samples(wave_file, nb_frames):
    frame_data = wave_file.readframes(nb_frames)
    if frame_data:
        sample_width = wave_file.getsampwidth()
        nb_samples = len(frame_data) // sample_width
        format = _struct_format(sample_width, nb_samples)
        return struct.unpack(format, frame_data)
    else:
        return ()

def write_samples(wave_file, samples, sample_width):
    format = _struct_format(sample_width, len(samples))
    frame_data = struct.pack(format, *samples)
    wave_file.writeframes(frame_data)

def compatible_input_wave_files(input_wave_files):
    nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, compname = input_wave_files[0].getparams()
    for input_wave_file in input_wave_files[1:]:
        nc,sw,fr,nf,ct,cn = input_wave_file.getparams()
        if (nc,sw,fr,ct,cn) != (nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, comptype, compname):
            return False
    return True

def mix_wave_files(output_wave_file, input_wave_files, buffer_size):
    output_wave_file.setparams(input_wave_files[0].getparams())
    sampwidth = input_wave_files[0].getsampwidth()
    max_nb_frames = max([input_wave_file.getnframes() for input_wave_file in input_wave_files])
    for frame_window in xrange(max_nb_frames // buffer_size + 1):
        all_samples = [read_samples(wave_file, buffer_size) for wave_file in input_wave_files]
        mixed_samples = [_mix_samples(samples) for samples in itertools.izip_longest(*all_samples, fillvalue=0)]
        write_samples(output_wave_file, mixed_samples, sampwidth)

def concatenate_wave_files(output_wave_file, input_wave_files, buffer_size):
    output_wave_file.setparams(input_wave_files[0].getparams())
    sampwidth = input_wave_files[0].getsampwidth()
    for input_wave_file in input_wave_files:
        nb_frames = input_wave_file.getnframes()
        for frame_window in xrange(nb_frames // buffer_size + 1):
            samples = read_samples(input_wave_file, buffer_size)
            if samples:
                write_samples(output_wave_file, samples, sampwidth)

def argument_parser():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Mix or concatenate multiple .wav files')
    parser.add_argument('command', choices = ("mix", "concat"), help='command')
    parser.add_argument('output_file', help='ouput .wav file')
    parser.add_argument('input_files', metavar="input_file", help='input .wav files', nargs="+")
    parser.add_argument('--buffer_size', type=int, help='nb of frames to read per iteration', default=1000)
    return parser

if __name__ == '__main__':
    args = argument_parser().parse_args()

    input_wave_files = [wave.open(name,"rb") for name in args.input_files]
    if not compatible_input_wave_files(input_wave_files):
        print "ERROR: mixed wave files must have the same params."
        sys.exit(2)

    output_wave_file = wave.open(args.output_file, "wb")
    if args.command == "mix":
        mix_wave_files(output_wave_file, input_wave_files, args.buffer_size)
    elif args.command == "concat":
        concatenate_wave_files(output_wave_file, input_wave_files, args.buffer_size)

    output_wave_file.close()
    for input_wave_file in input_wave_files:
        input_wave_file.close()

Here's a function to read samples from a wave file (tested with mono & stereo):

def read_samples(wave_file, nb_frames):
    frame_data = wave_file.readframes(nb_frames)
    if frame_data:
        sample_width = wave_file.getsampwidth()
        nb_samples = len(frame_data) // sample_width
        format = {1:"%db", 2:"<%dh", 4:"<%dl"}[sample_width] % nb_samples
        return struct.unpack(format, frame_data)
    else:
        return ()

And here's the full script that does windowed mixing or concatenating of multiple .wav files. All input files need to have the same params (# of channels and sample width).

import argparse
import itertools
import struct
import sys
import wave

def _struct_format(sample_width, nb_samples):
    return {1:"%db", 2:"<%dh", 4:"<%dl"}[sample_width] % nb_samples

def _mix_samples(samples):
    return sum(samples)//len(samples)

def read_samples(wave_file, nb_frames):
    frame_data = wave_file.readframes(nb_frames)
    if frame_data:
        sample_width = wave_file.getsampwidth()
        nb_samples = len(frame_data) // sample_width
        format = _struct_format(sample_width, nb_samples)
        return struct.unpack(format, frame_data)
    else:
        return ()

def write_samples(wave_file, samples, sample_width):
    format = _struct_format(sample_width, len(samples))
    frame_data = struct.pack(format, *samples)
    wave_file.writeframes(frame_data)

def compatible_input_wave_files(input_wave_files):
    nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, nframes, comptype, compname = input_wave_files[0].getparams()
    for input_wave_file in input_wave_files[1:]:
        nc,sw,fr,nf,ct,cn = input_wave_file.getparams()
        if (nc,sw,fr,ct,cn) != (nchannels, sampwidth, framerate, comptype, compname):
            return False
    return True

def mix_wave_files(output_wave_file, input_wave_files, buffer_size):
    output_wave_file.setparams(input_wave_files[0].getparams())
    sampwidth = input_wave_files[0].getsampwidth()
    max_nb_frames = max([input_wave_file.getnframes() for input_wave_file in input_wave_files])
    for frame_window in xrange(max_nb_frames // buffer_size + 1):
        all_samples = [read_samples(wave_file, buffer_size) for wave_file in input_wave_files]
        mixed_samples = [_mix_samples(samples) for samples in itertools.izip_longest(*all_samples, fillvalue=0)]
        write_samples(output_wave_file, mixed_samples, sampwidth)

def concatenate_wave_files(output_wave_file, input_wave_files, buffer_size):
    output_wave_file.setparams(input_wave_files[0].getparams())
    sampwidth = input_wave_files[0].getsampwidth()
    for input_wave_file in input_wave_files:
        nb_frames = input_wave_file.getnframes()
        for frame_window in xrange(nb_frames // buffer_size + 1):
            samples = read_samples(input_wave_file, buffer_size)
            if samples:
                write_samples(output_wave_file, samples, sampwidth)

def argument_parser():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Mix or concatenate multiple .wav files')
    parser.add_argument('command', choices = ("mix", "concat"), help='command')
    parser.add_argument('output_file', help='ouput .wav file')
    parser.add_argument('input_files', metavar="input_file", help='input .wav files', nargs="+")
    parser.add_argument('--buffer_size', type=int, help='nb of frames to read per iteration', default=1000)
    return parser

if __name__ == '__main__':
    args = argument_parser().parse_args()

    input_wave_files = [wave.open(name,"rb") for name in args.input_files]
    if not compatible_input_wave_files(input_wave_files):
        print "ERROR: mixed wave files must have the same params."
        sys.exit(2)

    output_wave_file = wave.open(args.output_file, "wb")
    if args.command == "mix":
        mix_wave_files(output_wave_file, input_wave_files, args.buffer_size)
    elif args.command == "concat":
        concatenate_wave_files(output_wave_file, input_wave_files, args.buffer_size)

    output_wave_file.close()
    for input_wave_file in input_wave_files:
        input_wave_file.close()
我不吻晚风 2024-09-13 03:41:16

阅读示例后(例如使用 wave 模块,更多详细信息此处),您可能希望值​​在 - 1 和 1(这是音频信号的约定)。

在这种情况下,您可以添加:

# scale to -1.0 -- 1.0
max_nb_bit = float(2**(nb_bits-1))  
samples = signal_int / (max_nb_bit + 1.0) 

使用 nb_bits 位深度和 signal_int 整数值。

After reading the samples (for example with the wave module, more details here) you may want to have the values scales between -1 and 1 (this is the convention for audio signals).

In this case, you can add:

# scale to -1.0 -- 1.0
max_nb_bit = float(2**(nb_bits-1))  
samples = signal_int / (max_nb_bit + 1.0) 

with nb_bits the bit depth and signal_int the integers values.

归途 2024-09-13 03:41:15

标准库的 wave 模块是关键:当然,在代码顶部 import wave 之后,wave.open('the.wav', 'r') 返回一个“wave read”对象,您可以从中获取可以使用 .readframes 方法读取帧,该方法返回一个字节字符串,这些字节是样本...无论波形文件具有何种格式(您可以确定与将帧分解为样本相关的两个参数)使用 .getnchannels 方法获取通道数,使用 .getsampwidth 获取每个样本的字节数)。

将字节字符串转换为数值序列的最佳方法是使用 array 模块,以及(分别)'B'' 类型H''L' 表示每个样本 1、2、4 个字节(在 32 位 Python 版本上;您可以使用 itemsize 值你的数组对象要仔细检查这一点)。如果您的样本宽度与 array 可以提供的不同,则需要对字节字符串进行切片(用值 0 的字节适当填充每个小切片)并使用 struct 模块代替(但这更笨重且更慢,所以使用 array 相反,如果可以的话)。

The wave module of the standard library is the key: after of course import wave at the top of your code, wave.open('the.wav', 'r') returns a "wave read" object from which you can read frames with the .readframes method, which returns a string of bytes which are the samples... in whatever format the wave file has them (you can determine the two parameters relevant to decomposing frames into samples with the .getnchannels method for the number of channels, and .getsampwidth for the number of bytes per sample).

The best way to turn the string of bytes into a sequence of numeric values is with the array module, and a type of (respectively) 'B', 'H', 'L' for 1, 2, 4 bytes per sample (on a 32-bit build of Python; you can use the itemsize value of your array object to double-check this). If you have different sample widths than array can provide you, you'll need to slice up the byte string (padding each little slice appropriately with bytes worth 0) and use the struct module instead (but that's clunkier and slower, so use array instead if you can).

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