如何找到带有标题信息的 ELF 文件/图像的大小?

发布于 2024-09-04 21:01:54 字数 153 浏览 8 评论 0原文

我需要找到精灵图像的大小进行一些计算。我尝试过在 Linux 上使用 readelf 实用程序,它提供了有关标题和部分的信息。我需要知道精灵的确切文件大小(总体而言)。

如何从标题信息中找到 ELF 的大小,或者是否有其他方法可以在不读取完整图像的情况下找到 elf 的大小。

I need to find the size of an elf image for some computation. I have tried with the readelf utility on linux which gives the informations about the headers and section. I need to have the exact file size of the elf(on the whole).

How do I find the size of the ELF from the header information or Is there any other means to find the size of an elf without reading the full image.

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可爱咩 2024-09-11 21:01:55

您可以使用 stat 函数系列 (stat()lstat()fstat())来获取任何文件的大小(使用stat成员的st_size成员)。
您需要更具体的东西吗?


如果您确实想使用 ELF 结构,请使用包含该结构的 elf.h 标头:

typedef struct {
         unsigned char  e_ident[EI_NIDENT];
         uint16_t       e_type;
         uint16_t       e_machine;
         uint32_t       e_version;
         ElfN_Addr      e_entry;
         ElfN_Off       e_phoff;
         ElfN_Off       e_shoff;
         uint32_t       e_flags;
         uint16_t       e_ehsize;
         uint16_t       e_phentsize;
         uint16_t       e_phnum;
         uint16_t       e_shentsize;
         uint16_t       e_shnum;
         uint16_t       e_shstrndx;
 } Elf32_Ehdr;

它是 ELF32 文件的标头(对于 64 位文件,将 32 替换为 64)。
e_ehsize 是文件的大小(以字节为单位)。


我将逐字复制作为编辑建议发布的评论:

这个答案是不正确的。 e_ehsize 只是 elf 头的大小,而不是 elf 文件的大小。

You can use the stat functions family (stat(), lstat(), fstat()) to get the size of any file (using the st_size member of the stat member).
Do you need something more specific?


If you really want to use the ELF structure, use the elf.h header which contains that structure:

typedef struct {
         unsigned char  e_ident[EI_NIDENT];
         uint16_t       e_type;
         uint16_t       e_machine;
         uint32_t       e_version;
         ElfN_Addr      e_entry;
         ElfN_Off       e_phoff;
         ElfN_Off       e_shoff;
         uint32_t       e_flags;
         uint16_t       e_ehsize;
         uint16_t       e_phentsize;
         uint16_t       e_phnum;
         uint16_t       e_shentsize;
         uint16_t       e_shnum;
         uint16_t       e_shstrndx;
 } Elf32_Ehdr;

It's the header of an ELF32 file (replace 32 with 64 for a 64-bit file).
e_ehsize is the size of the file in bytes.


I'll copy verbatim the comment that was posted as an edit suggestion:

This answer is incorrect. e_ehsize is merely the size of the elf header, not the elf file.

善良天后 2024-09-11 21:01:54

对于 ELF 文件来说,具体问题的答案有点棘手。

下面将使用标头计算 ELF 文件中“描述性”信息的大小: e_ehsize + (e_phnum * e_phentsize) + (e_shnum * e_shentsize)

以上基于 ELF 文档。

添加到上述总和中的下一个部分是文件中节条目的大小。直观上,我们希望使用文件中每个部分的 sh_size 来计算 - 其中的 e_shnum 。然而,由于对齐问题,这不会产生正确的答案。如果您使用 sh_offset 值的有序列表,您可以计算节条目占用的确切字节数(我发现一些奇怪的对齐方式,其中使用 sh_addralign 并不像您希望的那样有用);对于最后一个节条目,请使用文件头的 e_shoff,因为节头表位于最后。这对我检查过的夫妇有效。

libelf 中的 update.c 包含更新 elf 文件时使用的详细信息。

The answer to the specific question is a little tricky for ELF files.

The following will compute the size of the "descriptive" information in an ELF file using the header: e_ehsize + (e_phnum * e_phentsize) + (e_shnum * e_shentsize)

The above is based on the ELF documentation.

The next piece to add to the above sum is the size in the file of the section entries. Intuitively we would like to compute this using sh_size for each of the sections in the file -- e_shnum of them. HOWEVER, this doesn't yield the correct answer due to alignment issues. If you use an ordered list of sh_offset values you can compute the exact number of bytes that the section entry occupies (I found some strange alignments where using sh_addralign isn't as useful as you would like); for the last section entry use the file header's e_shoff since the section header table is last. This worked for the couple I checked.

update.c in libelf has the details it uses when updating an elf file.

赏烟花じ飞满天 2024-09-11 21:01:54

示例:

ls -l gives 126584

Calculation using the values also reported by readelf -h:

Start of section headers    e_shoff     124728
Size of section headers     e_shentsize 64
Number of section headers   e_shnum     29

e_shoff + ( e_shentsize * e_shnum ) = 126584

假设节头表(SHT)是 ELF 的最后一部分。通常是这种情况,但最后一部分也可能是 ELF 的最后一部分。应该检查这一点,但本例中没有检查。

这是一个 C 语言的工作实现,使用 gcc elfsize.c -o elfsize 进行编译:

#include <elf.h>
#include <byteswap.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

typedef Elf32_Nhdr Elf_Nhdr;

static char *fname;
static Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
static Elf64_Phdr *phdr;

#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
#define ELFDATANATIVE ELFDATA2LSB
#elif __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
#define ELFDATANATIVE ELFDATA2MSB
#else
#error "Unknown machine endian"
#endif

static uint16_t file16_to_cpu(uint16_t val)
{
    if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATANATIVE)
        val = bswap_16(val);
    return val;
}

static uint32_t file32_to_cpu(uint32_t val)
{
    if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATANATIVE)
        val = bswap_32(val);
    return val;
}

static uint64_t file64_to_cpu(uint64_t val)
{
    if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATANATIVE)
        val = bswap_64(val);
    return val;
}

static long unsigned int read_elf32(int fd)
{
    Elf32_Ehdr ehdr32;
    ssize_t ret, i;

    ret = pread(fd, &ehdr32, sizeof(ehdr32), 0);
    if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret != sizeof(ehdr)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Read of ELF header from %s failed: %s\n",
            fname, strerror(errno));
        exit(10);
    }

    ehdr.e_shoff        = file32_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_shoff);
    ehdr.e_shentsize    = file16_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_shentsize);
    ehdr.e_shnum        = file16_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_shnum);

    return(ehdr.e_shoff + (ehdr.e_shentsize * ehdr.e_shnum));
}

static long unsigned int read_elf64(int fd)
{
    Elf64_Ehdr ehdr64;
    ssize_t ret, i;

    ret = pread(fd, &ehdr64, sizeof(ehdr64), 0);
    if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret != sizeof(ehdr)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Read of ELF header from %s failed: %s\n",
            fname, strerror(errno));
        exit(10);
    }

    ehdr.e_shoff        = file64_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_shoff);
    ehdr.e_shentsize    = file16_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_shentsize);
    ehdr.e_shnum        = file16_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_shnum);

    return(ehdr.e_shoff + (ehdr.e_shentsize * ehdr.e_shnum));
}

long unsigned int get_elf_size(char *fname)
/* TODO, FIXME: This assumes that the section header table (SHT) is
the last part of the ELF. This is usually the case but
it could also be that the last section is the last part
of the ELF. This should be checked for.
*/
{
    ssize_t ret;
    int fd;
    long unsigned int size = 0;

    fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY);
    if (fd < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s: %s\n",
            fname, strerror(errno));
        return(1);
    }
    ret = pread(fd, ehdr.e_ident, EI_NIDENT, 0);
    if (ret != EI_NIDENT) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Read of e_ident from %s failed: %s\n",
            fname, strerror(errno));
        return(1);
    }
    if ((ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2LSB) &&
        (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2MSB))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unkown ELF data order %u\n",
            ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA]);
        return(1);
    }
    if(ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32) {
        size = read_elf32(fd);
    } else if(ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS64) {
        size = read_elf64(fd);
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unknown ELF class %u\n", ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS]);
        return(1);
    }

    close(fd);
    return size;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    ssize_t ret;
    int fd;

    if (argc != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <ELF>\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    fname = argv[1];

    long unsigned int size = get_elf_size(fname);
    fprintf(stderr, "Estimated ELF size on disk: %lu bytes \n", size);
    return 0;
}

Example:

ls -l gives 126584

Calculation using the values also reported by readelf -h:

Start of section headers    e_shoff     124728
Size of section headers     e_shentsize 64
Number of section headers   e_shnum     29

e_shoff + ( e_shentsize * e_shnum ) = 126584

This assumes that the section header table (SHT) is the last part of the ELF. This is usually the case but it could also be that the last section is the last part of the ELF. This should be checked for, but is not in this example.

Here is a working implementation in C, compile with gcc elfsize.c -o elfsize:

#include <elf.h>
#include <byteswap.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

typedef Elf32_Nhdr Elf_Nhdr;

static char *fname;
static Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
static Elf64_Phdr *phdr;

#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
#define ELFDATANATIVE ELFDATA2LSB
#elif __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
#define ELFDATANATIVE ELFDATA2MSB
#else
#error "Unknown machine endian"
#endif

static uint16_t file16_to_cpu(uint16_t val)
{
    if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATANATIVE)
        val = bswap_16(val);
    return val;
}

static uint32_t file32_to_cpu(uint32_t val)
{
    if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATANATIVE)
        val = bswap_32(val);
    return val;
}

static uint64_t file64_to_cpu(uint64_t val)
{
    if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATANATIVE)
        val = bswap_64(val);
    return val;
}

static long unsigned int read_elf32(int fd)
{
    Elf32_Ehdr ehdr32;
    ssize_t ret, i;

    ret = pread(fd, &ehdr32, sizeof(ehdr32), 0);
    if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret != sizeof(ehdr)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Read of ELF header from %s failed: %s\n",
            fname, strerror(errno));
        exit(10);
    }

    ehdr.e_shoff        = file32_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_shoff);
    ehdr.e_shentsize    = file16_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_shentsize);
    ehdr.e_shnum        = file16_to_cpu(ehdr32.e_shnum);

    return(ehdr.e_shoff + (ehdr.e_shentsize * ehdr.e_shnum));
}

static long unsigned int read_elf64(int fd)
{
    Elf64_Ehdr ehdr64;
    ssize_t ret, i;

    ret = pread(fd, &ehdr64, sizeof(ehdr64), 0);
    if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret != sizeof(ehdr)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Read of ELF header from %s failed: %s\n",
            fname, strerror(errno));
        exit(10);
    }

    ehdr.e_shoff        = file64_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_shoff);
    ehdr.e_shentsize    = file16_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_shentsize);
    ehdr.e_shnum        = file16_to_cpu(ehdr64.e_shnum);

    return(ehdr.e_shoff + (ehdr.e_shentsize * ehdr.e_shnum));
}

long unsigned int get_elf_size(char *fname)
/* TODO, FIXME: This assumes that the section header table (SHT) is
the last part of the ELF. This is usually the case but
it could also be that the last section is the last part
of the ELF. This should be checked for.
*/
{
    ssize_t ret;
    int fd;
    long unsigned int size = 0;

    fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY);
    if (fd < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s: %s\n",
            fname, strerror(errno));
        return(1);
    }
    ret = pread(fd, ehdr.e_ident, EI_NIDENT, 0);
    if (ret != EI_NIDENT) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Read of e_ident from %s failed: %s\n",
            fname, strerror(errno));
        return(1);
    }
    if ((ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2LSB) &&
        (ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] != ELFDATA2MSB))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unkown ELF data order %u\n",
            ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA]);
        return(1);
    }
    if(ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32) {
        size = read_elf32(fd);
    } else if(ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS64) {
        size = read_elf64(fd);
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unknown ELF class %u\n", ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS]);
        return(1);
    }

    close(fd);
    return size;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    ssize_t ret;
    int fd;

    if (argc != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <ELF>\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    fname = argv[1];

    long unsigned int size = get_elf_size(fname);
    fprintf(stderr, "Estimated ELF size on disk: %lu bytes \n", size);
    return 0;
}
孤星 2024-09-11 21:01:54

也许 gelf 可能有用。

GElf 是一个通用的、独立于 ELF 类的 API,用于操作 ELF 目标文件。 GElf 提供了一个单一的通用接口来处理 32 位和 64 位 ELF 格式的目标文件。

具体来说这些功能:

elf32_fsize、elf64_fsize - 返回对象文件类型的大小

Perhaps gelf could be useful.

GElf is a generic, ELF class-independent API for manipulat- ing ELF object files. GElf provides a single, common inter- face for handling 32-bit and 64-bit ELF format object files.

specifically these functions:

elf32_fsize, elf64_fsize - return the size of an object file type

青朷 2024-09-11 21:01:54

您是否尝试过使用 gnu“readelf”实用程序?

http://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/binutils/readelf.html

Have you tried using the gnu "readelf" utility?

http://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/binutils/readelf.html

情感失落者 2024-09-11 21:01:54

您所要做的就是将最后一个部分的文件偏移量及其大小相加。

fseek(fileHandle, elfHeader.e_shoff + (elfHeader.e_shnum-1) * elfHeader.e_shentsize, SEEK_SET);
Elf64_Shdr sectionHeader; // or Elf32_Shdr
fread(§ionHeader, 1, elfHeader.e_shentsize, fileHandle);

int fileSize = sectionHeader.sh_offset + sectionHeader.sh_size;

elfHeader 使用的值:

e_shoff = Section header table file offset
e_shnum = Section header table entry count
e_shentsize = Section header table entry size       

sectionHeader 使用的值:

sh_offset = Section file offset
sh_size = Section size in bytes

All you have to do is to sum the last section's file offset and its size.

fseek(fileHandle, elfHeader.e_shoff + (elfHeader.e_shnum-1) * elfHeader.e_shentsize, SEEK_SET);
Elf64_Shdr sectionHeader; // or Elf32_Shdr
fread(§ionHeader, 1, elfHeader.e_shentsize, fileHandle);

int fileSize = sectionHeader.sh_offset + sectionHeader.sh_size;

elfHeader used values:

e_shoff = Section header table file offset
e_shnum = Section header table entry count
e_shentsize = Section header table entry size       

sectionHeader used values:

sh_offset = Section file offset
sh_size = Section size in bytes
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