如何在 Windows 中从 R 发送带有附件的电子邮件

Question

我计划了一个从 Windows 计算机运行的 R 脚本。

完成后，我希望这个脚本自动发送一封电子邮件，并附加一些日志文件。

将 shell() 与其他一些脚本一起使用可能是可能的，但我想知道 R 中是否有更好的解决方案。 谢谢。

Answer 1

对于那些建议使用“mailR”的人来说——这是可行的方法，但在 ubuntu 上安装起来很困难。这是在 ubuntu 上安装“javaR”的资源，它允许您安装“mailR”

https://www.r-bloggers.com/2018/02/installing-rjava-on-ubuntu/

Answer 2

虽然已经晚了，但您可以通过正确使用 RDCOMClient 来避免使用 vbscript，如 此示例来自 R-Help。

> sendEmail(ema = "r-help at r-project.org", 
        name = "R-help mailing list",
        subject = "How to send Email from R using the RDCOMClient"
        msgBody = "here is the body of the message")

The package RDCOMClient is available at http://www.omegahat.org/RDCOMClient.

"sendEmail" <-
function(ema, name, subject, msgBody, deliverNow = TRUE)
{
   require(RDCOMClient)

   ema <- paste("SMPT:", ema, sep="")   ## prepend protocol to address

   ## create an e-mail session 
   session <- COMCreate("Mapi.Session") 
   session$Logon()

   ## add a message to the outbox collection of messages
   outbox <- session[["Outbox"]]
   msg <- outbox[["Messages"]]$Add(subject, msgBody)

   ## add recipient's name  (TODO: addMultiple() or loop, if many recipients)
   msg[["Recipients"]]$Add(name, ema) 
   msg$Send()
   if(deliverNow)
      msg$DeliverNow()

   session$Logoff()   ## wrap up
}

Answer 3

sendmailR 在 Windows 7 上为我工作。我引用了 http://cran .es.r-project.org/web/packages/sendmailR/sendmailR.pdf

smtpServer= Outlook 2010 的信息位于文件 -> 中账户设置->账户设置->双击您的帐户 -> “服务器”框中的文本

library(sendmailR)

#set working directory
setwd("C:/workingdirectorypath")

#####send plain email

from <- "[email protected]"
to <- "[email protected]"
subject <- "Email Subject"
body <- "Email body."                     
mailControl=list(smtpServer="serverinfo")

sendmail(from=from,to=to,subject=subject,msg=body,control=mailControl)

#####send same email with attachment

#needs full path if not in working directory
attachmentPath <- "subfolder/log.txt"

#same as attachmentPath if using working directory
attachmentName <- "log.txt"

#key part for attachments, put the body and the mime_part in a list for msg
attachmentObject <- mime_part(x=attachmentPath,name=attachmentName)
bodyWithAttachment <- list(body,attachmentObject)

sendmail(from=from,to=to,subject=subject,msg=bodyWithAttachment,control=mailControl)

此外，可以通过在消息列表中添加另一个 mime_part 来发送多个文件，如下所示（我也将其压缩）：

attachmentObject <- mime_part(x="subfolder/log.txt",name="log.txt")
attachmentObject2 <- mime_part(x="subfolder/log2.txt",name="log2.txt")
bodyWithAttachment <- list(body,attachmentObject,attachmentObject2)

Answer 4

使用 mailR - 它适用于身份验证、附件，它会自动发送 txt 消息以及 html 等。

mailR 需要 rJava，这有时会有点痛苦。在 Windows 上我没有遇到任何问题。在 ubuntu 上，这解决了我遇到的一个问题：

sudo apt-get install openjdk-jdk 

在 R 中

install.packages("devtools", dep = T)
library(devtools)
install_github("rpremraj/mailR")

（如果您在使用 rJava 时遇到问题 - 在终端中尝试 sudo R CMD javareconf ）

mailR 很容易使用并在 github 页面上有详细记录。

文档中的示例

library(mailR)
send.mail(from = "[email protected]",
          to = c("[email protected]", "[email protected]"),
          subject = "Subject of the email",
          body = "Body of the email",
          smtp = list(host.name = "smtp.gmail.com", port = 465, user.name = "gmail_username", passwd = "password", ssl = TRUE),
          authenticate = TRUE,
          send = TRUE,
          attach.files = c("./download.log", "upload.log", "https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/5031586/How%20to%20use%20the%20Public%20folder.rtf"),
          file.names = c("Download log.log", "Upload log.log", "DropBox File.rtf"), # optional parameter
          file.descriptions = c("Description for download log", "Description for upload log", "DropBox File"), # optional parameter
          debug = TRUE)

注意：您的 smtp 服务器可能会发现过度使用可疑。例如gmail 就是这种情况。因此，发送几封邮件后，您可能需要登录 gmail 帐户，看看是否帐户已被暂时禁用。另请注意，如果您使用采用双因素身份验证的 Gmail 帐户，则需要使用应用程序专用密码。

Answer 5

您愿意接受 Twitter 消息吗？您可以使用 Rcurl 将更新发布到 Twitter，然后可以将其以文本形式转发到您的手机，或者通过通知设置转发到您的电子邮件。

请参阅此处：http://www.sakana.fr /blog/2007/03/18/scripting-twitter-with-curl/

Answer 6

您研究过 sendmailR 包了吗？它允许 SMTP 提交消息，您可以编辑该功能以允许附件。话又说回来，如果它只有一个日志文件，那么正如您提到的那样，使用 shell() 可能是值得的。

Answer 7

对于 Windows，可以一起解析 VB 脚本（参见例如 http://www.paulsadowski.com/ wsh/cdo.htm ），然后通过 shell 调用它。

这可能看起来像这样：

SendMail <- function(from="[email protected]",to="[email protected]",text="Hallo",subject="Sag Hallo",smtp="smtp.my.server.de",user="me.myself.and.i",pw="123"){
require(stringr)
part1 <- "Const cdoSendUsingPickup = 1 'Send message using the local SMTP service pickup directory. 
Const cdoSendUsingPort = 2 'Send the message using the network (SMTP over the network). 
Const cdoAnonymous = 0 'Do not authenticate
Const cdoBasic = 1 'basic (clear-text) authentication 
Const cdoNTLM = 2 'NTLM "

part2 <- paste(paste("Set objMessage = CreateObject(",'"',"CDO.Message",'"',")" ,sep=""),
paste("objMessage.Subject = ",'"',subject,'"',sep=""),
paste("objMessage.From = ",'"',from,'"',sep=""),
paste("objMessage.To = ",'"',to,'"',sep=""),
paste("objMessage.TextBody = ",'"',text,'"',sep=""),
sep="\n")

part3 <- paste(
"'==This section provides the configuration information for the remote SMTP server. 

objMessage.Configuration.Fields.Item _ 
(\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/sendusing\") = 2

'Name or IP of Remote SMTP Server 
objMessage.Configuration.Fields.Item _ 
(\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpserver\") = ",'"',smtp,'"'," 

'Type of authentication, NONE, Basic (Base64 encoded), NTLM 
objMessage.Configuration.Fields.Item _ 
(\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpauthenticate\") = cdoBasic 

'Your UserID on the SMTP server 
objMessage.Configuration.Fields.Item _ 
(\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/sendusername\") = ",'"',user,'"'," 

'Your password on the SMTP server 
objMessage.Configuration.Fields.Item _ 
(\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/sendpassword\") = ",'"',pw,'"', "

'Server port (typically 25) 
objMessage.Configuration.Fields.Item _ 
(\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpserverport\") = 25 

'Use SSL for the connection (False or True) 
objMessage.Configuration.Fields.Item _ 
(\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpusessl\") = False 

'Connection Timeout in seconds (the maximum time CDO will try to establish a connection to the SMTP server) 
objMessage.Configuration.Fields.Item _ 
(\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/cdo/configuration/smtpconnectiontimeout\") = 60 
objMessage.Configuration.Fields.Update

'==End remote SMTP server configuration section== 

objMessage.Send 
",sep="")

vbsscript <- paste(part1,part2,part3,sep="\n\n\n")
str_split(vbsscript,"\n")
writeLines(vbsscript, "sendmail.vbs")
shell("sendmail.vbs")
unlink("sendmail.vbs")
}

Answer 8

只是想提醒那些想要 twilio 服务的自我通知功能的人，他们提供免费服务向您自己的手机发送短信。此处提供了使用 R 的演练https://dreamtolearn.com/ryan/data_analytics_viz/78

附有示例代码，只需将凭据替换为您自己的凭据即可。

library(jsonlite)
library(XML)
library(httr)
library(rjson)
library(RCurl)
options(RCurlOptions = list(cainfo = system.file("CurlSSL", "cacert.pem", package = "RCurl")))

authenticate_twilio <- "https://[ACCOUNT SID]:[AUTH TOKEN]@api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts"
authenticate_response <- getURL(authenticate_twilio)
print(authenticate_response)

postForm("https://[ACCOUNT SID]:[AUTH TOKEN]@api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts/[ACCOUNT SID]/Messages.XML",.params = c(From = "+1[twilio phone#]", To = "+1[self phone#]",Body = "Hello from twilio"))

Answer 9

这是使用“mailR”包发送电子邮件的简单代码片段

library(mailR)

# 1. Sender
sender <- "[email protected]"

# 2. Recipients
recipients <- c("[email protected]", "[email protected]")

# 3. Attached files
list_files_attached_location <- c("mtcars.csv")
list_files_attached_names <- c("mtcars name")
list_files_attached_description <- c("mtcars desc")

# 4. Send email
tryCatch({
  send.mail(from = sender,
            to = recipients,
            subject = "Your subject",
            body = "Your mail body",
            smtp = list(
              host.name = "smtp.gmail.com", 
              port = 465,
              user.name = sender,
              passwd = "psw", 
              ssl = TRUE),
            authenticate = TRUE,
            send = TRUE,
            attach.files = list_files_attached_location,
            file.names = list_files_attached_names,
            file.descriptions = list_files_attached_description,
            debug = TRUE
  )
}, 
error = function(e) {
  print(e)
  stop()
})