混合声明和代码

发布于 2024-09-02 11:50:53 字数 2684 浏览 14 评论 0原文

当我使用“gcc -o dene -Wall -ansi -pedantic-errors dene.c”编译函数时 ,gcc 不会发出错误。(你能在 if 循环中查看以 char .... 开头的行吗?)

        static void remove_negation(char *s,char *s1) 
          {
             char **cmainp=malloc(sizeof(char*)*1);   
                        int len=0;int d=0; int i=0;
            cmainp[0]=malloc(sizeof(char)*300);
            len=strlen(s);
           for(i=0;i<len;++i)
             { if(s[i]=='-')
               if(i==0 || s[i-1]==',')
      /*look*/  {char *p=malloc(sizeof(char)*3); /*look*/

                ++i;    p[0]=s[i];   p[1]='\0'; 

              strcat(s1,","); strcat(s1,p); free(p);
               continue;
             }
            cmainp[0][d]=s[i]; 
               ++d;
               } cmainp[0][d+1]='\0'; 


             strcpy(cmainp[0],s);
             free(cmainp[0]);
              }

但是,当编译上面的函数时,会使用 gcc 重新格式化 ,gcc 发出该错误;

“dene.c:10:错误:ISO C90 禁止混合声明和代码”

        static void remove_negation(char *s,char *s1) 
          {
             char **cmainp=malloc(sizeof(char*)*1);    
          /*look*/ cmainp[0]=malloc(sizeof(char)*300); /*look*/
                        int len=0;int d=0; int i=0;

            len=strlen(s);
           for(i=0;i<len;++i)
             { if(s[i]=='-')
               if(i==0 || s[i-1]==',')
        {char *p=malloc(sizeof(char)*3);

                ++i;    p[0]=s[i];   p[1]='\0'; 

              strcat(s1,","); strcat(s1,p); free(p);
               continue;
             }
            cmainp[0][d]=s[i]; 
               ++d;
               } cmainp[0][d+1]='\0'; 


             strcpy(cmainp[0],s);
             free(cmainp[0]);
              }

最后一个,gcc 发出以下错误

dene.c:16:错误:'char'之前的预期表达式

dene.c:20:错误:'p1'未声明(在此函数中首次使用)

dene.c:20: error: (每个未声明的标识符仅报告一次

dene.c:20: error: 对于它出现的每个函数。)

        static void remove_negation(char *s,char *s1) 
          {
             char **cmainp=malloc(sizeof(char*)*1);    

                        int len=0;int d=0; int i=0;
             cmainp[0]=malloc(sizeof(char)*300); 
            len=strlen(s);
           for(i=0;i<len;++i)
             { if(s[i]=='-')
        /*look*/   char *p=malloc(sizeof(char)*3);   /*look*/
               if(i==0 || s[i-1]==',')
              {

                ++i;    p[0]=s[i];   p[1]='\0'; 

              strcat(s1,","); strcat(s1,p); free(p);
               continue;
             }
            cmainp[0][d]=s[i]; 
               ++d;
               } cmainp[0][d+1]='\0'; 


             strcpy(cmainp[0],s);
             free(cmainp[0]);
              }

问题是为什么它们之间存在差异。

When I compile function with "gcc -o dene -Wall -ansi -pedantic-errors dene.c"
,gcc emits no error.(can you look a line which starts with char ....,in if loop,)

        static void remove_negation(char *s,char *s1) 
          {
             char **cmainp=malloc(sizeof(char*)*1);   
                        int len=0;int d=0; int i=0;
            cmainp[0]=malloc(sizeof(char)*300);
            len=strlen(s);
           for(i=0;i<len;++i)
             { if(s[i]=='-')
               if(i==0 || s[i-1]==',')
      /*look*/  {char *p=malloc(sizeof(char)*3); /*look*/

                ++i;    p[0]=s[i];   p[1]='\0'; 

              strcat(s1,","); strcat(s1,p); free(p);
               continue;
             }
            cmainp[0][d]=s[i]; 
               ++d;
               } cmainp[0][d+1]='\0'; 


             strcpy(cmainp[0],s);
             free(cmainp[0]);
              }

But,when compile above function being reformatted with gcc
,gcc emits that error;

"dene.c:10: error: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code"

        static void remove_negation(char *s,char *s1) 
          {
             char **cmainp=malloc(sizeof(char*)*1);    
          /*look*/ cmainp[0]=malloc(sizeof(char)*300); /*look*/
                        int len=0;int d=0; int i=0;

            len=strlen(s);
           for(i=0;i<len;++i)
             { if(s[i]=='-')
               if(i==0 || s[i-1]==',')
        {char *p=malloc(sizeof(char)*3);

                ++i;    p[0]=s[i];   p[1]='\0'; 

              strcat(s1,","); strcat(s1,p); free(p);
               continue;
             }
            cmainp[0][d]=s[i]; 
               ++d;
               } cmainp[0][d+1]='\0'; 


             strcpy(cmainp[0],s);
             free(cmainp[0]);
              }

And last one,gcc emits following errors

dene.c:16: error: expected expression before ‘char’

dene.c:20: error: ‘p1’ undeclared (first use in this function)

dene.c:20: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once

dene.c:20: error: for each function it appears in.)

        static void remove_negation(char *s,char *s1) 
          {
             char **cmainp=malloc(sizeof(char*)*1);    

                        int len=0;int d=0; int i=0;
             cmainp[0]=malloc(sizeof(char)*300); 
            len=strlen(s);
           for(i=0;i<len;++i)
             { if(s[i]=='-')
        /*look*/   char *p=malloc(sizeof(char)*3);   /*look*/
               if(i==0 || s[i-1]==',')
              {

                ++i;    p[0]=s[i];   p[1]='\0'; 

              strcat(s1,","); strcat(s1,p); free(p);
               continue;
             }
            cmainp[0][d]=s[i]; 
               ++d;
               } cmainp[0][d+1]='\0'; 


             strcpy(cmainp[0],s);
             free(cmainp[0]);
              }

question is why there are differences between them.

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评论(4

叹倦 2024-09-09 11:50:53

在 K&R 和 ANSI c 中,必须始终将声明放在作用域块的开头。 c99 中放宽了这一要求。

那么,什么是范围块?由 {} 分隔的区域。

因此,在上面的示例中,声明

{
   char *p=malloc(sizeof(char)*3); /* ...

是可以的,因为它立即发生在 { 之后,而

{
  char **cmainp=malloc(sizeof(char*)*1);    

  /*look*/ cmainp[0]=malloc(sizeof(char)*300); /*look*/

  int len=0;...

失败是因为分配位于 { 和第二个声明 (int len =0;)。

In K&R and ANSI c, you must always put declarations at the start of a scope block. This requirement is relaxed in c99.

So, whats a scope block? A region delimited by { and }.

So in you above example the declaration

{
   char *p=malloc(sizeof(char)*3); /* ...

is OK because it occurs immediately after a {, while

{
  char **cmainp=malloc(sizeof(char*)*1);    

  /*look*/ cmainp[0]=malloc(sizeof(char)*300); /*look*/

  int len=0;...

fails because the assigment comes between the { and the second declaration (int len=0;).

椒妓 2024-09-09 11:50:53

问题是你的标志“-ansi”强加了 ANSI C 的规则,其中声明只能出现在块的开头,而不是与其他语句交错的任何其他地方。

请注意,在第一个示例中,if 后面的左大括号开始一个新块,因此在那里声明新变量是合法的。在第二个示例中,您在与“char **cmainp”相同的块中声明“int len”,但在分配给“cmainp”之后。如果将赋值放在声明之后,那么一切都会好起来,因为声明将位于块的开头。

The problems is that your flag "-ansi" imposes the rules of ANSI C, among which is that declarations may appear only at the beginning of a block and not anywhere else interleaved with other statements.

Note that in your first example, the opening brace { after the if begins a new block, and hence it is legal to declare new variables there. In your second example, you declare "int len" in the same block as "char **cmainp", but after an assignment to "cmainp". If you place the assignment after the declaration, then everything will be fine, since the declaration would then be at the start of a block.

挽袖吟 2024-09-09 11:50:53

如果出现“dene.c:10: error: ISO C90 forbids mix statements and code”错误,您将在代码中间定义 char *p=malloc(sizeof(char)*3) 。 ANSI C 要求声明出现在代码块的开头,而不是其他地方。如果您将 char *p 放在代码开头,然后将 *p=malloc(sizeof(char)*3) 放在第 10 行,则会出现此“错误”离开。

With the "dene.c:10: error: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code" error you are defining char *p=malloc(sizeof(char)*3) in the middle of the code. ANSI C requires that the declaration appear only at the beginning of the block of code and nowhere else. If instead you put char *p at the beginning of the code and then *p=malloc(sizeof(char)*3) on line 10 this "error" would go away.

慵挽 2024-09-09 11:50:53

在做任何事情之前你必须先做声明。

you have to do the declarations before you do anything.

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