我刚刚开始使用 VS2010 学习 F#,下面是我第一次尝试生成斐波那契数列。我想做的是建立一个包含小于 400 的所有数字的列表。
let fabList =
let l = [1;2;]
let mutable a = 1
let mutable b = 2
while l.Tail < 400 do
let c = a + b
l.Add(c)
let a = b
let b = c
我的第一个问题是,在最后一个语句中,我在表达式中收到一条错误消息“在表达式中的这一点或之前的结构化构造不完整”最后一行。我不明白我在这里做错了什么。
虽然这似乎是一种以相当有效的方式构建列表的明显方法(来自 c++/C# 程序员),但根据我对 f# 的了解,这似乎不是执行该程序的正确方法。我的这种感觉正确吗?
I'm just starting to learn F# using VS2010 and below is my first attempt at generating the Fibonacci series. What I'm trying to do is to build a list of all numbers less than 400.
let fabList =
let l = [1;2;]
let mutable a = 1
let mutable b = 2
while l.Tail < 400 do
let c = a + b
l.Add(c)
let a = b
let b = c
My first problem is that on the last statement, I'm getting an error message "Incomplete structured construct at or before this point in expression" on the last line. I don't understand what I'm doing wrong here.
While this seems to be an obvious way to build the list in a fairly efficient way (from a c++/C# programmer), from what little I know of f#, this doesn't seem to feel to be the right way to do the program. Am I correct in this feeling?
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其他帖子告诉您如何使用递归函数编写 while 循环。这是使用 F# 中的 Seq 库的另一种方法:
作为解释,请参考 解决方案 2 中的 F# for Project Euler Problems,其中解决了前 50 个欧拉问题。我想您会对这些解决方案感兴趣。
Other posts tell you how to write the while loop using recursive functions. This is another way by using the Seq library in F#:
for explanation, please ref solution 2 in F# for Project Euler Problems, where the first 50 Euler problems are solved. I think you will be interested in these solutions.
首先,您使用
let
就好像它是一个改变变量的语句,但事实并非如此。在 F# 中,let
用于声明新值(这可能会隐藏任何先前的同名值)。如果您想使用突变来编写代码,那么您需要使用类似的内容:代码的第二个问题是您尝试通过向 F# 列表添加元素来突变 F# 列表 - F# 列表是不可变的,因此一旦创建它们,您无法修改它们(特别是,没有
Add
成员!)。如果您想使用突变来编写此代码,您可以编写:但是,正如其他人已经指出的那样,以这种方式编写代码并不是惯用的 F# 解决方案。在 F# 中,您将使用不可变列表和递归而不是循环(例如
while
)。例如这样:First of all, you're using
let
as if it was a statement to mutate a variable, but that's not the case. In F#,let
is used to declare a new value (which may hide any previous values of the same name). If you want to write code using mutation, then you need to use something like:The second issue with your code is that you're trying to mutate F# list by adding elements to it - F# lists are immutable, so once you create them, you cannot modify them (in particular, there is no
Add
member!). If you wanted to write this using mutation, you could write:But, as others already noted, writing the code in this way isn't the idiomatic F# solution. In F#, you would use immutable lists and recursion instead of loops (such as
while
). For example like this:这是使用序列表达式的无限尾递归解决方案。它非常高效,只需几秒钟即可生成第 100,000 个项。 “yield”运算符就像C#中的“yield return”,以及“yield!”运算符可能被理解为“yield all”,在 C# 中,您必须执行“foreach item...yield return item”。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2296664/code-chess-fibonacci-sequence/ 2892670#2892670
此方法类似于 C# 中的以下方法(使用 while(true) 循环而不是递归):
在 C# 中查找斐波那契数列。 [欧拉计划练习]
Here's an infinite tail-recursive solution using sequence expressions. It's quite efficient, producing the 100,000th term in just a few seconds. The "yield" operator is just like C#'s "yield return", and the "yield!" operator may be read as "yield all", where in C# you would have to do "foreach item ... yield return item".
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2296664/code-chess-fibonacci-sequence/2892670#2892670
This approach is similar to the following in C# (which uses a while(true) loop instead of recursion):
Finding Fibonacci sequence in C#. [Project Euler Exercise]
是的,可变变量和 while 循环通常是一个好兆头,表明您的代码功能不是很好。另外,斐波那契数列不是以 1,2 开头,而是以 0,1 或 1,1 开头,具体取决于您问的是谁。
我是这样做的:
Yes, mutable variables and while loops are usually a good sign that your code is not very functional. Also the fibonacci series, doesn't start with 1,2 - it starts with 0,1 or 1,1 depending on who you ask.
Here's how I'd do it:
此函数“fib”将返回不大于 500 的斐波那契数列表
This function "fib" will return a list of Fibonacci numbers that are not greater than 500
一种使用聚合(折叠):
One using aggregation (fold):
一个带有数组:
One with an array:
这是 .Net 大师 Scott Hanselman 撰写的一篇关于在 F# 中生成斐波那契数列的好文章
http://www. hanselman.com/blog/TheWeeklySourceCode13FibonacciEdition.aspx
还与其他语言进行比较作为参考
Here's a good article by .Net guru Scott Hanselman on generating fibonacci series in F#
http://www.hanselman.com/blog/TheWeeklySourceCode13FibonacciEdition.aspx
It also compares with other languages as a reference
另一种类似的方式:
One more codata'ish way:
Scott Hanselman 的伟大解决方案不报告斐波那契数列以 0 开头。
所以这里对他的解决方案做了一个小小的改变,也报告了 0。
我使用了一个从 0 到 10 的小列表来显示序列的前 11 项。
我是新手,对 f# 不称职,而且仍然没有完全完全理解它的需要。但发现这是一个有趣的测试。
只是为了好玩:如果找到一个计算第 n 个斐波那契数的比奈公式。
不幸的是,需要一些浮点函数才能最终返回整数结果:
[比奈斐波那契公式][1]
https://i.sstatic.net/nMkxf.png
对 f# 的快速而肮脏的翻译将如上所示。我相信其他人可以在风格和效率方面对此进行改进。该示例计算第 10 个数字。结果将为 55。
The great solution of Scott Hanselman does not report the 0 the fibonacci sequence starts with.
So here is a minor change to his solution to also report the 0.
I used a small list from 0 to 10 to display the first 11 items of the sequence.
I'm new and incompetent in relation to f# and still not totally fully understanding the need of it. But found this an interesting test.
Just for fun : If found a formula of Binet that calculates the n-th Fibonacci number.
Unfortunately some floating point functions are needed to get the integer result back in the end :
[Fibonacci formula of Binet][1]
https://i.sstatic.net/nMkxf.png
A quick and dirty translation to f# would be as shown above. I'm sure others can improve on this in matter of style and efficiency. The example calculates the 10th number. The result will be 55.