获取串口信息

Question

我有一些将串行端口加载到组合框中的代码：

     List<String> tList = new List<String>(); 

     comboBoxComPort.Items.Clear();

     foreach (string s in SerialPort.GetPortNames())
     {
        tList.Add(s);
     }

     tList.Sort();
     comboBoxComPort.Items.Add("Select COM port...");
     comboBoxComPort.Items.AddRange(tList.ToArray());
     comboBoxComPort.SelectedIndex = 0;

我想将端口描述（类似于设备管理器中 COM 端口显示的内容）添加到列表 中，并对列表中的项目进行排序列出索引 0 之后的内容（已解决：参见上面的代码片段）。有人对添加端口描述有什么建议吗？我正在使用 Microsoft Visual C# 2008 Express Edition (.NET 2.0)。如果您有任何想法，我们将不胜感激。谢谢。

Answer 1

我在这里尝试了很多解决方案，但这些解决方案对我不起作用，只显示了一些端口。但下面显示了他们所有人以及他们的信息。

        using (var searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity WHERE Caption like '%(COM%'"))
        {
            var portnames = SerialPort.GetPortNames();
            var ports = searcher.Get().Cast<ManagementBaseObject>().ToList().Select(p => p["Caption"].ToString());

            var portList = portnames.Select(n => n + " - " + ports.FirstOrDefault(s => s.Contains(n))).ToList();
            
            foreach(string s in portList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(s);
            }
        }
    

Answer 2

编辑：抱歉，我太快跳过了你的问题。我现在意识到您正在寻找包含端口名称+端口描述的列表。我已经相应地更新了代码...

使用 System.Management，您可以查询所有端口以及每个端口的所有信息（就像设备管理器...）

示例代码（确保添加对 System.管理）：

using System;
using System.Management;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.IO.Ports;        

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (var searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher
                ("SELECT * FROM WIN32_SerialPort"))
            {
                string[] portnames = SerialPort.GetPortNames();
                var ports = searcher.Get().Cast<ManagementBaseObject>().ToList();
                var tList = (from n in portnames
                            join p in ports on n equals p["DeviceID"].ToString()
                            select n + " - " + p["Caption"]).ToList();

                tList.ForEach(Console.WriteLine);
            }

            // pause program execution to review results...
            Console.WriteLine("Press enter to exit");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

更多信息请参见：http://msdn. microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394582%28VS.85%29.aspx

Answer 3

使用以下代码片段

执行时会给出以下输出。

serial port : Communications Port (COM1)
serial port : Communications Port (COM2)

不要忘记添加

using System;
using System.Management;
using System.Windows.Forms;

还添加对 system.Management 的引用（默认情况下不可用）

C#

private void GetSerialPort()
{

    try
    {
        ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = 
            new ManagementObjectSearcher("root\\CIMV2", 
            "SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity"); 

        foreach (ManagementObject queryObj in searcher.Get())
        {
            if (queryObj["Caption"].ToString().Contains("(COM"))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("serial port : {0}", queryObj["Caption"]);
            }

        }
    }
    catch (ManagementException e)
    {
        MessageBox.Show( e.Message);
    }

}

VB

  Private Sub GetAllSerialPortsName()
        Try
            Dim searcher As New ManagementObjectSearcher("root\CIMV2", "SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity")
            For Each queryObj As ManagementObject In searcher.Get()
                If InStr(queryObj("Caption"), "(COM") > 0 Then
                    Console.WriteLine("serial port : {0}", queryObj("Caption"))
                End If
            Next
        Catch err As ManagementException
            MsgBox(err.Message)
        End Try
    End Sub

更新：
您还可以检查

if (queryObj["Caption"].ToString().StartsWith("serial port"))

而不是

if (queryObj["Caption"].ToString().Contains("(COM"))

Answer 4

这里的答案都不能满足我的需求。

Muno 的答案是错误，因为它只列出了 USB 端口。

code4life 的答案是错误，因为它列出了除 USB 端口之外的所有端口。 （尽管如此，它有 44 个赞成票！！！）

我的计算机上有一个 EPSON 打印机模拟端口，此处的任何答案均未列出该端口。所以我必须编写自己的解决方案。此外，我想显示更多信息，而不仅仅是标题字符串。我还需要将端口名称与描述分开。

我的代码已在 Windows XP、7、10 和 11 上进行了测试。

端口名称（如“COM1”）必须从注册表读取，因为 WMI 不会为所有 COM 端口提供此信息 (EPSON ）。

如果您使用我的代码，您不再需要SerialPort.GetPortNames()。我的函数返回相同的端口，但有更多详细信息。为什么微软没有在框架中实现这样的功能？

using System.Management;
using Microsoft.Win32;

using (ManagementClass i_Entity = new ManagementClass("Win32_PnPEntity"))
{
    const String CUR_CTRL = "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\";

    foreach (ManagementObject i_Inst in i_Entity.GetInstances())
    {
        Object o_Guid = i_Inst.GetPropertyValue("ClassGuid");
        if (o_Guid == null || o_Guid.ToString().ToUpper() != "{4D36E978-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}")
            continue; // Skip all devices except device class "PORTS"

        String s_Caption  = i_Inst.GetPropertyValue("Caption")     .ToString();
        String s_Manufact = i_Inst.GetPropertyValue("Manufacturer").ToString();
        String s_DeviceID = i_Inst.GetPropertyValue("PnpDeviceID") .ToString();
        String s_RegEnum  = CUR_CTRL + "Enum\\" + s_DeviceID + "\\Device Parameters";
        String s_RegServ  = CUR_CTRL + "Services\\BTHPORT\\Parameters\\Devices\\";
        String s_PortName = Registry.GetValue(s_RegEnum, "PortName", "").ToString();
        String s_BT_Dir   = null; // Bluetooth port direction
        String s_BT_Dev   = "";   // Bluetooth paired device name
        String s_BT_MAC   = "";   // Bluetooth paired device MAC address

        int s32_Pos = s_Caption.IndexOf(" (COM");
        if (s32_Pos > 0) // remove COM port from description
            s_Caption = s_Caption.Substring(0, s32_Pos);

        Console.WriteLine("Port Name:      " + s_PortName);
        Console.WriteLine("Description:    " + s_Caption);
        Console.WriteLine("Manufacturer:   " + s_Manufact);
        Console.WriteLine("Device ID:      " + s_DeviceID);

        if (s_DeviceID.StartsWith("BTHENUM\\")) // Bluetooth
        {
            s_BT_Dir = "Incoming";

            // "{00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb}#7445CEA614BC_C00000000"
            String s_UniqueID = Registry.GetValue(s_RegEnum, "Bluetooth_UniqueID", "").ToString();

            String[] s_Split = s_UniqueID.Split('#');
            if (s_Split.Length == 2)
            {
                s_Split = s_Split[1].Split('_');

                // Ignore MAC = "000000000000"
                if (s_Split.Length == 2 && s_Split[0].Trim('0').Length > 0) 
                {
                    s_BT_MAC = s_Split[0]; // 12 digits: "7445CEA614BC"
                    s_BT_Dir = "Outgoing";

                    // Read the Bluetooth device that is paired with the COM port.
                    Object o_BtDevice = Registry.GetValue(s_RegServ + s_BT_MAC, "Name", null);
                    if (o_BtDevice is Byte[])
                        s_BT_Dev = Encoding.UTF8.GetString((Byte[])o_BtDevice);
                }
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Port Direction: " + s_BT_Dir);
            Console.WriteLine("Paired Device:  " + s_BT_Dev);
            Console.WriteLine("Device MAC Adr: " + s_BT_MAC);
        }

        Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------");
    }
}

我用很多 COM 端口测试了代码。这是控制台输出：

Port Name:      COM29
Description:    CDC Interface (Virtual COM Port) for USB Debug
Manufacturer:   GHI Electronics, LLC
Device ID:      USB\VID_1B9F&PID_F003&MI_01\6&3009671A&0&0001
-----------------------------------
Port Name:      COM28
Description:    Teensy USB Serial
Manufacturer:   PJRC.COM, LLC.
Device ID:      USB\VID_16C0&PID_0483\1256310
-----------------------------------
Port Name:      COM25
Description:    USB-SERIAL CH340
Manufacturer:   wch.cn
Device ID:      USB\VID_1A86&PID_7523\5&2499667D&0&3
-----------------------------------
Port Name:      COM26
Description:    Prolific USB-to-Serial Comm Port
Manufacturer:   Prolific
Device ID:      USB\VID_067B&PID_2303\5&2499667D&0&4
-----------------------------------
Port Name:      COM1
Description:    Comunications Port
Manufacturer:   (Standard port types)
Device ID:      ACPI\PNP0501\1
-----------------------------------
Port Name:      COM999
Description:    EPSON TM Virtual Port Driver
Manufacturer:   EPSON
Device ID:      ROOT\PORTS\0000
-----------------------------------
Port Name:      COM20
Description:    EPSON COM Emulation USB Port
Manufacturer:   EPSON
Device ID:      ROOT\PORTS\0001
-----------------------------------
Port Name:      COM8
Description:    Standard Serial over Bluetooth link
Manufacturer:   Microsoft
Device ID:      BTHENUM\{00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}_VID&0001005D_PID&223B\7&36284202&0&7445CEA614BC_C00000000
Port Direction: Outgoing
Paired Device:  WH-CH510
Device MAC Adr: 7445CEA614BC
-----------------------------------
Port Name:      COM9
Description:    Standard Serial over Bluetooth link
Manufacturer:   Microsoft
Device ID:      BTHENUM\{00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}_LOCALMFG&0000\7&36284202&0&000000000000_00000000
Port Direction: Incoming
Paired Device:
Device MAC Adr: 
-----------------------------------
Port Name:      COM30
Description:    Arduino Uno
Manufacturer:   Arduino LLC (www.arduino.cc)
Device ID:      USB\VID_2341&PID_0001\74132343530351F03132
-----------------------------------

COM1 是主板上的 COM 端口。

COM 8 和 9 是蓝牙 COM 端口。

COM 25 和 26 是 USB 转 RS232 适配器。

COM 28、29 和 30 是类似 Arduino 的板。

COM 20 和 999 是 EPSON 端口。

注意：如果您在打开蓝牙 COM 端口时遇到 UnauthorizedAccessException，解决方案可能是删除设备并再次进行配对。

Answer 5

有一个 关于同一问题的帖子MSDN：

获取有关 C# 中串行端口的更多信息

嗨拉文布，

我们无法通过SerialPort类型获取信息。我不知道为什么您的应用程序中需要此信息。但是，有一个已解决的线程 和你有同样的问题。您可以查看那里的代码，看看它是否可以帮助您。

如果您有任何其他问题，请随时告诉我。

最诚挚的问候，
周小龙

那篇文章中的链接指向此：

如何使用 System.IO.Ports.SerialPort 获取有关端口的更多信息

您或许可以从 WMI 查询中获取此信息。查看此工具 帮助您找到正确的代码。你为什么要关心呢？这只是USB仿真器的一个细节，普通串口不会有这个。串行端口简单地称为“COMx”，仅此而已。

Answer 6

我结合了以前的答案并使用了 Win32_PnPEntity 类的结构，可以找到 在这里。
得到这样的解决方案：

using System.Management;
public static void Main()
{
     GetPortInformation();
}

public string GetPortInformation()
    {
        ManagementClass processClass = new ManagementClass("Win32_PnPEntity");
        ManagementObjectCollection Ports = processClass.GetInstances();           
        foreach (ManagementObject property in Ports)
        {
            var name = property.GetPropertyValue("Name");               
            if (name != null && name.ToString().Contains("USB") && name.ToString().Contains("COM"))
            {
                var portInfo = new SerialPortInfo(property);
                //Thats all information i got from port.
                //Do whatever you want with this information
            }
        }
        return string.Empty;
    }

SerialPortInfo 类：

public class SerialPortInfo
{
    public SerialPortInfo(ManagementObject property)
    {
        this.Availability = property.GetPropertyValue("Availability") as int? ?? 0;
        this.Caption = property.GetPropertyValue("Caption") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.ClassGuid = property.GetPropertyValue("ClassGuid") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.CompatibleID = property.GetPropertyValue("CompatibleID") as string[] ?? new string[] {};
        this.ConfigManagerErrorCode = property.GetPropertyValue("ConfigManagerErrorCode") as int? ?? 0;
        this.ConfigManagerUserConfig = property.GetPropertyValue("ConfigManagerUserConfig") as bool? ?? false;
        this.CreationClassName = property.GetPropertyValue("CreationClassName") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.Description = property.GetPropertyValue("Description") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.DeviceID = property.GetPropertyValue("DeviceID") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.ErrorCleared = property.GetPropertyValue("ErrorCleared") as bool? ?? false;
        this.ErrorDescription = property.GetPropertyValue("ErrorDescription") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.HardwareID = property.GetPropertyValue("HardwareID") as string[] ?? new string[] { };
        this.InstallDate = property.GetPropertyValue("InstallDate") as DateTime? ?? DateTime.MinValue;
        this.LastErrorCode = property.GetPropertyValue("LastErrorCode") as int? ?? 0;
        this.Manufacturer = property.GetPropertyValue("Manufacturer") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.Name = property.GetPropertyValue("Name") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.PNPClass = property.GetPropertyValue("PNPClass") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.PNPDeviceID = property.GetPropertyValue("PNPDeviceID") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.PowerManagementCapabilities = property.GetPropertyValue("PowerManagementCapabilities") as int[] ?? new int[] { };
        this.PowerManagementSupported = property.GetPropertyValue("PowerManagementSupported") as bool? ?? false;
        this.Present = property.GetPropertyValue("Present") as bool? ?? false;
        this.Service = property.GetPropertyValue("Service") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.Status = property.GetPropertyValue("Status") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.StatusInfo = property.GetPropertyValue("StatusInfo") as int? ?? 0;
        this.SystemCreationClassName = property.GetPropertyValue("SystemCreationClassName") as string ?? string.Empty;
        this.SystemName = property.GetPropertyValue("SystemName") as string ?? string.Empty;
    }

    int Availability;
    string Caption;
    string ClassGuid;
    string[] CompatibleID;
    int ConfigManagerErrorCode;
    bool ConfigManagerUserConfig;
    string CreationClassName;
    string Description;
    string DeviceID;
    bool ErrorCleared;
    string ErrorDescription;
    string[] HardwareID;
    DateTime InstallDate;
    int LastErrorCode;
    string Manufacturer;
    string Name;
    string PNPClass;
    string PNPDeviceID;
    int[] PowerManagementCapabilities;
    bool PowerManagementSupported;
    bool Present;
    string Service;
    string Status;
    int StatusInfo;
    string SystemCreationClassName;
    string SystemName;       

}

Answer 7

我不太清楚“对索引 0 之后的项目进行排序”是什么意思，但如果您只想对 SerialPort.GetPortNames() 返回的字符串数组进行排序，则可以使用 数组排序。

Answer 8

我重写了 Elmue 的答案并使用 Muno 的 SerialPortInfo 类来丰富它。所以它更清晰并提供更多信息。 (.net 6)

using Microsoft.Win32;
using System.Management;
using System.Runtime.Versioning;

public static class SerialPortSearcher
{

    [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
    public static IEnumerable<ISerialPortInfo> Search()
    {
        using var entity = new ManagementClass("Win32_PnPEntity");
        foreach (var instance in entity.GetInstances().Cast<ManagementObject>())
        {
            var classGuid = instance.GetPropertyValue("ClassGuid");
            // Skip all devices except device class "PORTS"
            if (classGuid?.ToString()?.ToUpper() == "{4D36E978-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}")
            {
                yield return new SerialPortInfo(instance);
            }
        }
    }

    [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
    private class SerialPortInfo : ISerialPortInfo
    {
        public SerialPortInfo(ManagementObject obj)
        {
            this.Availability = obj.GetPropertyValue("Availability") as int? ?? 0;
            this.Caption = obj.GetPropertyValue("Caption") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.ClassGuid = obj.GetPropertyValue("ClassGuid") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.CompatibleID = obj.GetPropertyValue("CompatibleID") as string[] ?? new string[] { };
            this.ConfigManagerErrorCode = obj.GetPropertyValue("ConfigManagerErrorCode") as int? ?? 0;
            this.ConfigManagerUserConfig = obj.GetPropertyValue("ConfigManagerUserConfig") as bool? ?? false;
            this.CreationClassName = obj.GetPropertyValue("CreationClassName") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.Description = obj.GetPropertyValue("Description") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.DeviceID = obj.GetPropertyValue("DeviceID") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.ErrorCleared = obj.GetPropertyValue("ErrorCleared") as bool? ?? false;
            this.ErrorDescription = obj.GetPropertyValue("ErrorDescription") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.HardwareID = obj.GetPropertyValue("HardwareID") as string[] ?? new string[] { };
            this.InstallDate = obj.GetPropertyValue("InstallDate") as DateTime? ?? DateTime.MinValue;
            this.LastErrorCode = obj.GetPropertyValue("LastErrorCode") as int? ?? 0;
            this.Manufacturer = obj.GetPropertyValue("Manufacturer") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.Name = obj.GetPropertyValue("Name") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.PNPClass = obj.GetPropertyValue("PNPClass") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.PNPDeviceID = obj.GetPropertyValue("PnpDeviceID") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.PowerManagementCapabilities = obj.GetPropertyValue("PowerManagementCapabilities") as int[] ?? new int[] { };
            this.PowerManagementSupported = obj.GetPropertyValue("PowerManagementSupported") as bool? ?? false;
            this.Present = obj.GetPropertyValue("Present") as bool? ?? false;
            this.Service = obj.GetPropertyValue("Service") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.Status = obj.GetPropertyValue("Status") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.StatusInfo = obj.GetPropertyValue("StatusInfo") as int? ?? 0;
            this.SystemCreationClassName = obj.GetPropertyValue("SystemCreationClassName") as string ?? string.Empty;
            this.SystemName = obj.GetPropertyValue("SystemName") as string ?? string.Empty;

            var regPath = "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Enum\\" + PNPDeviceID + "\\Device Parameters";
            this.PortName = Registry.GetValue(regPath, "PortName", "")?.ToString();

            //int i = Caption.IndexOf(" (COM");
            //if (i > 0) // remove COM port from description
            //    Caption = Caption.Substring(0, i);

        }

        public int Availability { get; }
        public string Caption { get; }
        public string ClassGuid { get; }
        public string[] CompatibleID { get; }
        public int ConfigManagerErrorCode { get; }
        public bool ConfigManagerUserConfig { get; }
        public string CreationClassName { get; }
        public string Description { get; }
        public string DeviceID { get; }
        public bool ErrorCleared { get; }
        public string ErrorDescription { get; }
        public string[] HardwareID { get; }
        public DateTime InstallDate { get; }
        public int LastErrorCode { get; }
        public string Manufacturer { get; }
        public string Name { get; }
        public string PNPClass { get; }
        public string PNPDeviceID { get; }
        public int[] PowerManagementCapabilities { get; }
        public bool PowerManagementSupported { get; }
        public bool Present { get; }
        public string Service { get; }
        public string Status { get; }
        public int StatusInfo { get; }
        public string SystemCreationClassName { get; }
        public string SystemName { get; }
        public string? PortName { get; }
    }
}

public interface ISerialPortInfo
{
    int Availability { get; }
    string Caption { get; }
    string ClassGuid { get; }
    string[] CompatibleID { get; }
    int ConfigManagerErrorCode { get; }
    bool ConfigManagerUserConfig { get; }
    string CreationClassName { get; }
    string Description { get; }
    string DeviceID { get; }
    bool ErrorCleared { get; }
    string ErrorDescription { get; }
    string[] HardwareID { get; }
    DateTime InstallDate { get; }
    int LastErrorCode { get; }
    string Manufacturer { get; }
    string Name { get; }
    string PNPClass { get; }
    string PNPDeviceID { get; }
    string? PortName { get; }
    int[] PowerManagementCapabilities { get; }
    bool PowerManagementSupported { get; }
    bool Present { get; }
    string Service { get; }
    string Status { get; }
    int StatusInfo { get; }
    string SystemCreationClassName { get; }
    string SystemName { get; }
}

在 Program.cs 中测试它：

using System.Text.Json;

var ports = SerialPortSearcher.Search().ToArray();

Console.WriteLine(JsonSerializer.Serialize(ports, new JsonSerializerOptions { WriteIndented = true }));

Answer 9

我的一个小变化是，并非所有端口都有描述。

public static class SerialPortSearcher
    {
        public const string PortsClassGuid = "{4D36E978-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}";
        public const string ModemClassGuid = "{4D36E96D-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}";

        public static IEnumerable<ISerialPortInfo> GetPortInformationYield()
        {
            using (var entity = new ManagementClass("Win32_PnPEntity"))
                foreach (var instance in entity.GetInstances().Cast<ManagementObject>())
                {
                    var classGuid = instance.GetPropertyValue("ClassGuid")?.ToString()?.ToUpper();
                    // Skip all devices except device class "PORTS"
                    if (classGuid == PortsClassGuid || classGuid == ModemClassGuid)
                    {
                        yield return new SerialPortInfo(instance);
                    }
                }
        }

        public static async Task<IEnumerable<ISerialPortInfo>> GetPortInformationAsync()
        {
            return await Task.Run(() =>
            {
                var portInfos = new List<SerialPortInfo>();

                using (var processClass = new ManagementClass("Win32_PnPEntity"))
                {
                    using (ManagementObjectCollection ports = processClass.GetInstances())
                    {
                        foreach (ManagementObject property in ports.Cast<ManagementObject>())
                        {
                            var classGuid = property.GetPropertyValue("ClassGuid")?.ToString()?.ToUpper();
                            // Skip all devices except device class "PORTS"
                            if (classGuid == PortsClassGuid || classGuid == ModemClassGuid)
                            {
                                portInfos.Add(new SerialPortInfo(property));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                return portInfos.AsEnumerable();
            });
        }
    }

Answer 10

this.comboPortName.Items.AddRange(
    (from qP in System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames()
     orderby System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Replace(qP, "~\\d",
     string.Empty).PadLeft(6, '0')
     select qP).ToArray()
);