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使用 Django 创建电子邮件模板

发布于 2024-08-31 17:11:52 字数 331 浏览 4 评论 0原文

我想使用 Django 模板发送 HTML 电子邮件，如下所示：

<html>
<body>
hello <strong>{{username}}</strong>
your account activated.
<img src="mysite.com/logo.gif" />
</body>

我找不到有关 send_mail 的任何内容，并且 django-mailer 只发送 HTML 模板，没有动态数据。

如何使用 Django 的模板引擎生成电子邮件？

原文

I want to send HTML-emails, using Django templates like this:

<html>
<body>
hello <strong>{{username}}</strong>
your account activated.
<img src="mysite.com/logo.gif" />
</body>

I can't find anything about send_mail, and django-mailer only sends HTML templates, without dynamic data.

How do I use Django's template engine to generate e-mails?

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评论（12）

月光色 2024-09-07 17:11:52

从 文档，发送 HTML e -mail 您想要使用替代内容类型，如下所示：

from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives

subject, from_email, to = 'hello', '[email protected]', '[email protected]'
text_content = 'This is an important message.'
html_content = '<p>This is an <strong>important</strong> message.</p>'
msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, text_content, from_email, [to])
msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
msg.send()

您可能需要两个电子邮件模板 - 一个看起来像这样的纯文本模板，存储在 email.txt< 下的模板目录中/code>：

Hello {{ username }} - your account is activated.

和一个 HTMLy 模板，存储在 email.html 下：

Hello <strong>{{ username }}</strong> - your account is activated.

然后您可以通过使用 get_template，如下所示：

from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives
from django.template.loader import get_template
from django.template import Context

plaintext = get_template('email.txt')
htmly     = get_template('email.html')

d = Context({ 'username': username })

subject, from_email, to = 'hello', '[email protected]', '[email protected]'
text_content = plaintext.render(d)
html_content = htmly.render(d)
msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, text_content, from_email, [to])
msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
msg.send()

From the docs, to send HTML e-mail you want to use alternative content-types, like this:

from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives

subject, from_email, to = 'hello', '[email protected]', '[email protected]'
text_content = 'This is an important message.'
html_content = '<p>This is an <strong>important</strong> message.</p>'
msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, text_content, from_email, [to])
msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
msg.send()

You'll probably want two templates for your e-mail - a plain text one that looks something like this, stored in your templates directory under email.txt:

Hello {{ username }} - your account is activated.

and an HTMLy one, stored under email.html:

Hello <strong>{{ username }}</strong> - your account is activated.

You can then send an e-mail using both those templates by making use of get_template, like this:

from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives
from django.template.loader import get_template
from django.template import Context

plaintext = get_template('email.txt')
htmly     = get_template('email.html')

d = Context({ 'username': username })

subject, from_email, to = 'hello', '[email protected]', '[email protected]'
text_content = plaintext.render(d)
html_content = htmly.render(d)
msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, text_content, from_email, [to])
msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
msg.send()
回复 原文
心如荒岛 2024-09-07 17:11:52

从 Django 1.7 开始， send_email 方法中的 html_message<添加了 /code> 参数。

html_message：如果提供了 html_message，则生成的电子邮件将是
包含消息作为文本/纯内容的多部分/替代电子邮件
type 和 html_message 作为 text/html 内容类型。

所以你可以：

from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.template.loader import render_to_string


msg_plain = render_to_string('templates/email.txt', {'some_params': some_params})
msg_html = render_to_string('templates/email.html', {'some_params': some_params})

send_mail(
    'email title',
    msg_plain,
    '[email protected]',
    ['[email protected]'],
    html_message=msg_html,
)

Since Django's 1.7 in send_email method the html_message parameter was added.

html_message: If html_message is provided, the resulting email will be
a multipart/alternative email with message as the text/plain content
type and html_message as the text/html content type.

So you can just:

from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.template.loader import render_to_string


msg_plain = render_to_string('templates/email.txt', {'some_params': some_params})
msg_html = render_to_string('templates/email.html', {'some_params': some_params})

send_mail(
    'email title',
    msg_plain,
    '[email protected]',
    ['[email protected]'],
    html_message=msg_html,
)
回复 原文
古镇旧梦 2024-09-07 17:11:52

受此启发，我制作了 django-templated-email 来解决这个问题解决方案（并且需要在某些时候从使用 django 模板切换到使用 mailchimp 等一组用于我自己项目的事务性、模板化电子邮件的模板）。虽然它仍然是一个正在进行的工作，但对于上面的示例，您可以这样做：

from templated_email import send_templated_mail
send_templated_mail(
        'email',
        '[email protected]',
        ['[email protected]'],
        { 'username':username }
    )

在 settings.py 中添加以下内容（以完成示例）：

TEMPLATED_EMAIL_DJANGO_SUBJECTS = {'email':'hello',}

这将自动查找名为“templated_email/email.txt”的模板。 txt' 和 'templated_email/email.html' 分别用于普通 django 模板目录/加载器中的纯文本和 html 部分（如果找不到至少其中之一，则会抱怨）。

I have made django-templated-email in an effort to solve this problem, inspired by this solution (and the need to, at some point, switch from using django templates to using a mailchimp etc. set of templates for transactional, templated emails for my own project). It is still a work-in-progress though, but for the example above, you would do:

from templated_email import send_templated_mail
send_templated_mail(
        'email',
        '[email protected]',
        ['[email protected]'],
        { 'username':username }
    )

With the addition of the following to settings.py (to complete the example):

TEMPLATED_EMAIL_DJANGO_SUBJECTS = {'email':'hello',}

This will automatically look for templates named 'templated_email/email.txt' and 'templated_email/email.html' for the plain and html parts respectively, in the normal django template dirs/loaders (complaining if it cannot find at least one of those).

回复 原文
始终不够爱げ你 2024-09-07 17:11:52

我知道这是一个老问题，但我也知道有些人就像我一样，总是在寻找最新的答案，因为旧的答案如果不更新，有时可能会包含已弃用的信息。

现在是 2020 年 1 月，我正在使用 Django 2.2.6 和 Python 3.7

注意：我使用 DJANGO REST FRAMEWORK，下面用于发送电子邮件的代码位于 model viewset 在我的 views.py 中，

所以在阅读了多个不错的答案后，这就是我所做的。

from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives

def send_receipt_to_email(self, request):

    emailSubject = "Subject"
    emailOfSender = "[email protected]"
    emailOfRecipient = '[email protected]'

    context = ({"name": "Gilbert"}) #Note I used a normal tuple instead of  Context({"username": "Gilbert"}) because Context is deprecated. When I used Context, I got an error > TypeError: context must be a dict rather than Context

    text_content = render_to_string('receipt_email.txt', context, request=request)
    html_content = render_to_string('receipt_email.html', context, request=request)

    try:
        #I used EmailMultiAlternatives because I wanted to send both text and html
        emailMessage = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject=emailSubject, body=text_content, from_email=emailOfSender, to=[emailOfRecipient,], reply_to=[emailOfSender,])
        emailMessage.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
        emailMessage.send(fail_silently=False)

    except SMTPException as e:
        print('There was an error sending an email: ', e) 
        error = {'message': ",".join(e.args) if len(e.args) > 0 else 'Unknown Error'}
        raise serializers.ValidationError(error)

重要！ 那么 render_to_string 如何获取 receipt_email.txt 和 receipt_email.html 呢？
在我的 settings.py 中，我有 TEMPLATES，下面是它的样子

注意 DIRS，有这一行 os. path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates', 'email_templates')
.这行代码使我的模板易于访问。在我的project_dir中，我有一个名为templates的文件夹和一个名为email_templates的子目录，如下所示

project_dir
   ↳templates
      ↳email_templates

我的模板receipt_email.txt和receipt_email。 html 位于 email_templates 子目录下。

TEMPLATES = [
{
    'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
    'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'), os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates', 'email_templates')],
    'APP_DIRS': True,
    'OPTIONS': {
        'context_processors': [
            'django.template.context_processors.debug',
            'django.template.context_processors.request',
            'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
            'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
        ],
    },
},
]

让我补充一点，我的 recept_email.txt 看起来像这样；

Dear {{name}},
Here is the text version of the email from template

而且，我的 receipt_email.html 看起来像这样；

Dear {{name}},
<h1>Now here is the html version of the email from the template</h1>

I know this is an old question, but I also know that some people are just like me and are always looking for uptodate answers, since old answers can sometimes have deprecated information if not updated.

Its now January 2020, and I am using Django 2.2.6 and Python 3.7

Note: I use DJANGO REST FRAMEWORK, the code below for sending email was in a model viewset in my views.py

So after reading multiple nice answers, this is what I did.

from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives

def send_receipt_to_email(self, request):

    emailSubject = "Subject"
    emailOfSender = "[email protected]"
    emailOfRecipient = '[email protected]'

    context = ({"name": "Gilbert"}) #Note I used a normal tuple instead of  Context({"username": "Gilbert"}) because Context is deprecated. When I used Context, I got an error > TypeError: context must be a dict rather than Context

    text_content = render_to_string('receipt_email.txt', context, request=request)
    html_content = render_to_string('receipt_email.html', context, request=request)

    try:
        #I used EmailMultiAlternatives because I wanted to send both text and html
        emailMessage = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject=emailSubject, body=text_content, from_email=emailOfSender, to=[emailOfRecipient,], reply_to=[emailOfSender,])
        emailMessage.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
        emailMessage.send(fail_silently=False)

    except SMTPException as e:
        print('There was an error sending an email: ', e) 
        error = {'message': ",".join(e.args) if len(e.args) > 0 else 'Unknown Error'}
        raise serializers.ValidationError(error)

Important! So how does render_to_string get receipt_email.txt and receipt_email.html?
In my settings.py, I have TEMPLATES and below is how it looks

Pay attention to DIRS, there is this line os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates', 'email_templates')
.This line is what makes my templates accessible. In my project_dir, I have a folder called templates, and a sub_directory called email_templates like this

project_dir
   ↳templates
      ↳email_templates

My templates receipt_email.txt and receipt_email.html are under the email_templates sub_directory.

TEMPLATES = [
{
    'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
    'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'), os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates', 'email_templates')],
    'APP_DIRS': True,
    'OPTIONS': {
        'context_processors': [
            'django.template.context_processors.debug',
            'django.template.context_processors.request',
            'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
            'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
        ],
    },
},
]

Let me just add that, my recept_email.txt looks like this;

Dear {{name}},
Here is the text version of the email from template

And, my receipt_email.html looks like this;

Dear {{name}},
<h1>Now here is the html version of the email from the template</h1>
回复 原文
雅心素梦 2024-09-07 17:11:52

使用 EmailMultiAlternatives 和 render_to_string 来利用两种替代模板（一种为纯文本，一种为 html）：

from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives
from django.template import Context
from django.template.loader import render_to_string

c = Context({'username': username})    
text_content = render_to_string('mail/email.txt', c)
html_content = render_to_string('mail/email.html', c)

email = EmailMultiAlternatives('Subject', text_content)
email.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
email.to = ['[email protected]']
email.send()

Use EmailMultiAlternatives and render_to_string to make use of two alternative templates (one in plain text and one in html):

from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives
from django.template import Context
from django.template.loader import render_to_string

c = Context({'username': username})    
text_content = render_to_string('mail/email.txt', c)
html_content = render_to_string('mail/email.html', c)

email = EmailMultiAlternatives('Subject', text_content)
email.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
email.to = ['[email protected]']
email.send()
回复 原文
没︽人懂的悲伤 2024-09-07 17:11:52

我创建了 Django Simple Mail 为每封交易电子邮件提供一个简单、可定制且可重用的模板您想发送。

电子邮件内容和模板可以直接从 django 的管理员编辑。

以您的示例为例，您将注册您的电子邮件：

from simple_mail.mailer import BaseSimpleMail, simple_mailer


class WelcomeMail(BaseSimpleMail):
    email_key = 'welcome'

    def set_context(self, user_id, welcome_link):
        user = User.objects.get(id=user_id)
        return {
            'user': user,
            'welcome_link': welcome_link
        }


simple_mailer.register(WelcomeMail)

并以这种方式发送：

welcome_mail = WelcomeMail()
welcome_mail.set_context(user_id, welcome_link)
welcome_mail.send(to, from_email=None, bcc=[], connection=None, attachments=[],
                   headers={}, cc=[], reply_to=[], fail_silently=False)

我很乐意获得任何反馈。

I have created Django Simple Mail to have a simple, customizable and reusable template for every transactional email you would like to send.

Emails contents and templates can be edited directly from django's admin.

With your example, you would register your email :

from simple_mail.mailer import BaseSimpleMail, simple_mailer


class WelcomeMail(BaseSimpleMail):
    email_key = 'welcome'

    def set_context(self, user_id, welcome_link):
        user = User.objects.get(id=user_id)
        return {
            'user': user,
            'welcome_link': welcome_link
        }


simple_mailer.register(WelcomeMail)

And send it this way :

welcome_mail = WelcomeMail()
welcome_mail.set_context(user_id, welcome_link)
welcome_mail.send(to, from_email=None, bcc=[], connection=None, attachments=[],
                   headers={}, cc=[], reply_to=[], fail_silently=False)

I would love to get any feedback.

回复 原文
一影成城 2024-09-07 17:11:52

send_emai() 对我不起作用，所以我使用了 EmailMessage 在 django 文档中。

我已经包含了两个版本的 anser：

  1. 仅包含 html 电子邮件版本
  2. 使用纯文本电子邮件和 html 电子邮件版本
from django.template.loader import render_to_string 
from django.core.mail import EmailMessage

# import file with html content
html_version = 'path/to/html_version.html'

html_message = render_to_string(html_version, { 'context': context, })

message = EmailMessage(subject, html_message, from_email, [to_email])
message.content_subtype = 'html' # this is required because there is no plain text email version
message.send()

如果您想包含电子邮件的纯文本版本，请像这样修改上面的内容：

from django.template.loader import render_to_string 
from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives # <= EmailMultiAlternatives instead of EmailMessage

plain_version = 'path/to/plain_version.html' # import plain version. No html content
html_version = 'path/to/html_version.html' # import html version. Has html content

plain_message = render_to_string(plain_version, { 'context': context, })
html_message = render_to_string(html_version, { 'context': context, })

message = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, plain_message, from_email, [to_email])
message.attach_alternative(html_message, "text/html") # attach html version
message.send()

我的纯文本和 html 版本如下所示：
plain_version.html:

Plain text {{ context }}

html_version.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
 <head>
 ...
 </head>
<body>
<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="320" style="border: none; border-collapse: collapse; font-family:  Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">
...
{{ context }}
...
</table>
</body>
</html>

send_emai() didn't work for me so I used EmailMessage here in django docs.

I have included two versions of the anser:

  1. With html email version only
  2. With plain text email and html email versions
from django.template.loader import render_to_string 
from django.core.mail import EmailMessage

# import file with html content
html_version = 'path/to/html_version.html'

html_message = render_to_string(html_version, { 'context': context, })

message = EmailMessage(subject, html_message, from_email, [to_email])
message.content_subtype = 'html' # this is required because there is no plain text email version
message.send()

If you want to include a plain text version of your email, modify the above like this:

from django.template.loader import render_to_string 
from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives # <= EmailMultiAlternatives instead of EmailMessage

plain_version = 'path/to/plain_version.html' # import plain version. No html content
html_version = 'path/to/html_version.html' # import html version. Has html content

plain_message = render_to_string(plain_version, { 'context': context, })
html_message = render_to_string(html_version, { 'context': context, })

message = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, plain_message, from_email, [to_email])
message.attach_alternative(html_message, "text/html") # attach html version
message.send()

My plain and html versions look like this:
plain_version.html:

Plain text {{ context }}

html_version.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
 <head>
 ...
 </head>
<body>
<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="320" style="border: none; border-collapse: collapse; font-family:  Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;">
...
{{ context }}
...
</table>
</body>
</html>
回复 原文
迷荒 2024-09-07 17:11:52

例子中有错误....如果按照写的使用的话，会出现以下错误：

< type 'exceptions.Exception' >: 'dict' 对象没有属性 'render_context'

您将需要添加以下导入：

from django.template import Context

并将字典更改为：

d = Context({ 'username': username })

请参阅 http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.2/ref/templates/api/#rendering-a-context

There is an error in the example.... if you use it as written, the following error occurs:

< type 'exceptions.Exception' >: 'dict' object has no attribute 'render_context'

You will need to add the following import:

from django.template import Context

and change the dictionary to be:

d = Context({ 'username': username })

See http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.2/ref/templates/api/#rendering-a-context

回复 原文
甜柠檬 2024-09-07 17:11:52

Django Mail Templated 是一个功能丰富的 Django 应用程序，用于发送使用 Django 模板系统发送电子邮件。

安装：

pip install django-mail-templated

配置：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    ...
    'mail_templated'
)

模板：

{% block subject %}
Hello {{ user.name }}
{% endblock %}

{% block body %}
{{ user.name }}, this is the plain text part.
{% endblock %}

Python：

from mail_templated import send_mail
send_mail('email/hello.tpl', {'user': user}, from_email, [user.email])

更多信息： https://github.com/artemrizhov/django-邮件模板

Django Mail Templated is a feature-rich Django application to send emails with Django template system.

Installation:

pip install django-mail-templated

Configuration:

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    ...
    'mail_templated'
)

Template:

{% block subject %}
Hello {{ user.name }}
{% endblock %}

{% block body %}
{{ user.name }}, this is the plain text part.
{% endblock %}

Python:

from mail_templated import send_mail
send_mail('email/hello.tpl', {'user': user}, from_email, [user.email])

More info: https://github.com/artemrizhov/django-mail-templated

回复 原文
-小熊_ 2024-09-07 17:11:52

我喜欢使用这个工具来轻松发送电子邮件 HTML 和 TXT 以及简单的上下文处理： https://github .com/divio/django-emailit

I like using this tool to permit easily to send email HTML and TXT with easy context processing: https://github.com/divio/django-emailit

回复 原文
铃予 2024-09-07 17:11:52

我写了一个 snippet允许您发送使用数据库中存储的模板呈现的电子邮件。一个例子：

EmailTemplate.send('expense_notification_to_admin', {
    # context object that email template will be rendered with
    'expense': expense_request,
})

I wrote a snippet that allows you to send emails rendered with templates stored in the database. An example:

EmailTemplate.send('expense_notification_to_admin', {
    # context object that email template will be rendered with
    'expense': expense_request,
})
回复 原文
撞了怀 2024-09-07 17:11:52

如果您想要邮件的动态电子邮件模板，请将电子邮件内容保存在数据库表中。
这是我在数据库中保存为 HTML 代码的内容 =

<p>Hello.. {{ first_name }} {{ last_name }}.  <br> This is an <strong>important</strong> {{ message }}
<br> <b> By Admin.</b>

 <p style='color:red'> Good Day </p>

在您看来：

from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives
from django.template.loader import get_template

def dynamic_email(request):
    application_obj = AppDetails.objects.get(id=1)
    subject = 'First Interview Call'
    email = request.user.email
    to_email = application_obj.email
    message = application_obj.message

    text_content = 'This is an important message.'
    d = {'first_name': application_obj.first_name,'message':message}
    htmly = FirstInterviewCall.objects.get(id=1).html_content #this is what i have saved previously in database which i have to send as Email template as mentioned above HTML code

    open("partner/templates/first_interview.html", "w").close() # this is the path of my file partner is the app, Here i am clearing the file content. If file not found it will create one on given path.
    text_file = open("partner/templates/first_interview.html", "w") # opening my file
    text_file.write(htmly) #putting HTML content in file which i saved in DB
    text_file.close() #file close

    htmly = get_template('first_interview.html')
    html_content = htmly.render(d)  
    msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, text_content, email, [to_email])
    msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
    msg.send()

这将发送您在数据库中保存的动态 HTML 模板。

If you want dynamic email templates for your mail then save the email content in your database tables.
This is what i saved as HTML code in database =

<p>Hello.. {{ first_name }} {{ last_name }}.  <br> This is an <strong>important</strong> {{ message }}
<br> <b> By Admin.</b>

 <p style='color:red'> Good Day </p>

In your views:

from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives
from django.template.loader import get_template

def dynamic_email(request):
    application_obj = AppDetails.objects.get(id=1)
    subject = 'First Interview Call'
    email = request.user.email
    to_email = application_obj.email
    message = application_obj.message

    text_content = 'This is an important message.'
    d = {'first_name': application_obj.first_name,'message':message}
    htmly = FirstInterviewCall.objects.get(id=1).html_content #this is what i have saved previously in database which i have to send as Email template as mentioned above HTML code

    open("partner/templates/first_interview.html", "w").close() # this is the path of my file partner is the app, Here i am clearing the file content. If file not found it will create one on given path.
    text_file = open("partner/templates/first_interview.html", "w") # opening my file
    text_file.write(htmly) #putting HTML content in file which i saved in DB
    text_file.close() #file close

    htmly = get_template('first_interview.html')
    html_content = htmly.render(d)  
    msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, text_content, email, [to_email])
    msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
    msg.send()

This will send the dynamic HTML template what you have save in Db.

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