Rtti 访问复杂数据结构中的字段和属性
正如 Delphi 2010 中的 Rtti 数据操作和一致性中已经讨论的那样可以通过使用一对 TRttiField 和实例指针访问成员来达到原始数据和 rtti 值之间的一致性。如果是只有基本成员类型(例如整数或字符串)的简单类,这将非常容易。 但是如果我们有结构化字段类型怎么办?
这是一个例子:
TIntArray = array [0..1] of Integer;
TPointArray = array [0..1] of Point;
TExampleClass = class
private
FPoint : TPoint;
FAnotherClass : TAnotherClass;
FIntArray : TIntArray;
FPointArray : TPointArray;
public
property Point : TPoint read FPoint write FPoint;
//.... and so on
end;
为了方便地访问成员,我想构建一个成员节点树,它提供了一个用于获取和设置值、获取属性、序列化/反序列化值等的接口。
TMemberNode = class
private
FMember : TRttiMember;
FParent : TMemberNode;
FInstance : Pointer;
public
property Value : TValue read GetValue write SetValue; //uses FInstance
end;
因此,最重要的是获取/设置值,如前所述,这是通过使用 TRttiField 的 GetValue 和 SetValue 函数来完成的。
那么什么是FPoint会员实例呢?假设 Parent 是 TExample 类的节点,其中实例已知且成员是字段,则 Instance 将为:
FInstance := Pointer (Integer (Parent.Instance) + TRttiField (FMember).Offset);
但是如果我想知道记录属性的实例怎么办?在这种情况下没有偏移。那么有没有更好的解决方案来获取数据的指针呢?
对于 FAnotherClass 成员,实例将是:
FInstance := Parent.Value.AsObject;
到目前为止,解决方案有效,并且可以通过使用 rtti 或原始类型来完成数据操作,而不会丢失信息。
但当使用数组时,事情会变得更加困难。特别是第二个点数组。在这种情况下如何获取积分成员的实例?
As already discussed in Rtti data manipulation and consistency in Delphi 2010 a consistency between the original data and rtti values can be reached by accessing members by using a pair of TRttiField and an instance pointer. This would be very easy in case of a simple class with only basic member types (like e.g. integers or strings).
But what if we have structured field types?
Here is an example:
TIntArray = array [0..1] of Integer;
TPointArray = array [0..1] of Point;
TExampleClass = class
private
FPoint : TPoint;
FAnotherClass : TAnotherClass;
FIntArray : TIntArray;
FPointArray : TPointArray;
public
property Point : TPoint read FPoint write FPoint;
//.... and so on
end;
For an easy access of Members I want to buil a tree of member-nodes, which provides an interface for getting and setting values, getting attributes, serializing/deserializing values and so on.
TMemberNode = class
private
FMember : TRttiMember;
FParent : TMemberNode;
FInstance : Pointer;
public
property Value : TValue read GetValue write SetValue; //uses FInstance
end;
So the most important thing is getting/setting the values, which is done - as stated before - by using the GetValue and SetValue functions of TRttiField.
So what is the Instance for FPoint members? Let's say Parent is the Node for TExample class, where the instance is known and the member is a field, then Instance would be:
FInstance := Pointer (Integer (Parent.Instance) + TRttiField (FMember).Offset);
But what if I want to know the Instance for a record property? There is no offset in this case. So is there a better solution to get a pointer to the data?
For the FAnotherClass member, the Instance would be:
FInstance := Parent.Value.AsObject;
So far the solution works, and data manipulation can be done by using rtti or the original types, without losing information.
But things get harder, when working with arrays. Especially the second array of Points. How can I get the instance for the members of points in this case?
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TRttiField.GetValue
如果字段的类型是值类型,则会为您获取一个副本。这是设计使然。TValue.MakeWithoutCopy
用于管理接口和字符串等内容的引用计数;这并不是为了避免这种复制行为。TValue
故意不设计为模仿Variant
的 ByRef 行为,您最终可能会引用TValue
内的(例如)堆栈对象,增加了过时指针的风险。这也是违反直觉的。当您说GetValue
时,您应该期待一个值,而不是引用。当值类型的值存储在其他结构中时,操作值类型的值的最有效方法可能是后退一步并添加另一个间接级别:通过计算偏移量而不是直接使用
TValue
来处理所有中间值沿着到达该项目的路径键入步骤。这可以相当简单地封装。我花了大约一个小时编写了一些
TLocation
记录,它使用 RTTI 来执行此操作:此类型可用于使用 RTTI 导航值内的位置。为了使其更容易使用,并且编写起来更有趣,我还编写了一个解析器 -
Follow
方法:这是一个示例类型和一个例程(
P
) 操作它:该原理可以扩展到其他类型和 Delphi 表达式语法,或者可以更改
TLocation
以返回新的TLocation
实例,而不是破坏性的自我更新,或者可以支持非平面数组索引等。TRttiField.GetValue
where the field's type is a value type gets you a copy. This is by design.TValue.MakeWithoutCopy
is for managing reference counts on things like interfaces and strings; it is not for avoiding this copy behaviour.TValue
is intentionally not designed to mimicVariant
's ByRef behaviour, where you can end up with references to (e.g.) stack objects inside aTValue
, increasing the risk of stale pointers. It would also be counter-intuitive; when you sayGetValue
, you should expect a value, not a reference.Probably the most efficient way to manipulate values of value types when they are stored inside other structures is to step back and add another level of indirection: by calculating offsets rather than working with
TValue
directly for all the intermediary value typed steps along the path to the item.This can be encapsulated fairly trivially. I spent the past hour or so writing up a little
TLocation
record which uses RTTI to do this:This type can be used to navigate locations within values using RTTI. To make it slightly easier to use, and slightly more fun for me to write, I also wrote a parser - the
Follow
method:Here's an example type, and a routine (
P
) that manipulates it:The principle can be extended to other types and Delphi expression syntax, or
TLocation
may be changed to return newTLocation
instances rather than destructive self-updates, or non-flat array indexing may be supported, etc.您正在触及这个问题的一些概念和问题。首先,您混合了一些记录类型和一些属性,我想先处理这个问题。然后,我将向您提供一些简短信息,说明当该记录是类中字段的一部分时,如何读取记录的“左侧”和“顶部”字段...然后我将向您提供有关如何制作的建议这项工作一般。我可能会解释更多一点,但现在是午夜,我睡不着!
示例:
这就是交易。如果你编写这段代码,在运行时它会做它看起来正在做的事情:
但是这段代码不会以同样的方式工作:
因为该代码相当于:
解决这个问题的方法是做这样的事情:
继续,你希望对 RTTI 做同样的事情。您可以获得“AnPoint:TPoint”字段和“MyPoint:TPoint”字段的 RTTI。因为使用 RTTI 本质上是使用函数来获取值,所以您需要对两者使用“制作本地副本、更改、写回”技术(与 X.MyPoint 示例的代码类型相同)。
当使用 RTTI 执行此操作时,我们始终从“根”(TExampleClass 实例或 TMyClass 实例)开始,只使用一系列 Rtti GetValue 和 SetValue 方法来获取深层字段的值或设置同样的深场。
我们假设我们有以下内容:
我们想要模拟这一点:
我们将把它分成步骤,我们的目标是:
因为我们想用 RTTI 来做到这一点,并且我们希望它能够与任何东西一起工作,所以我们将不使用“TPoint”类型。因此,正如预期的那样,我们首先这样做:
对于下一步,我们将使用 GetReferenceToRawData 来获取指向隐藏在 V:TValue 中的 TPoint 记录的指针(您知道,我们假装对此一无所知 - 除了事实上它是一个记录)。一旦我们获得指向该记录的指针,我们就可以调用 SetValue 方法将“7”移动到记录内。
这就是全部了。现在我们只需要将 TValue 移回 X:TMyClass:
从头到尾它看起来像这样:
这显然可以扩展到处理任何深度的结构。请记住,您需要逐步执行此操作:第一个 GetValue 使用“root”实例,然后下一个 GetValue 使用从上一个 GetValue 结果中提取的实例。对于记录,我们可以使用 TValue.GetReferenceToRawData,对于对象,我们可以使用 TValue.AsObject!
下一个棘手的部分是以通用方式执行此操作,以便您可以实现双向树状结构。为此,我建议以 TRttiMember 数组的形式存储从“root”到字段的路径(然后将使用转换来查找实际的运行类型类型,因此我们可以调用 GetValue 和 SetValue)。一个节点看起来像这样:
GetValue 的实现非常简单:
SetValue 的实现会稍微复杂一些。由于这些(讨厌的?)记录,我们需要执行 GetValue 例程所做的一切(因为我们需要最后一个 FMember 元素的 Instance 指针),然后我们将能够调用 SetValue ,但我们可能需要为它的父级调用 SetValue,然后为它的父级的父级调用 SetValue,依此类推...这显然意味着我们需要保持所有中间 TValue 的完整性,以防万一我们需要它们。所以我们开始吧:
......这应该是它。现在有一些警告:
You're touching a few concepts and problems with this question. First of all you've mixed in some record types and some properties, and I'd like to handle this first. Then I'll give you some short info on how to read the "Left" and "Top" fields of a record when that record is part of an field in a class... Then I'll give you suggestions on how to make this work generically. I'm probably going to explain a bit more then it's required, but it's midnight over here and I can't sleep!
Example:
Here's the deal. If you write this code, at runtime it will do what it seems to be doing:
But this code will not work the same:
Because that code is equivalent to:
The way to fix this is to do something like this:
Moving on, you want to do the same with RTTI. You may get RTTI for both the "AnPoint:TPoint" field and for the "MyPoint:TPoint" field. Because using RTTI you're essentially using a function to get the value, you'll need do use the "Make local copy, change, write back" technique with both (the same kind of code as for the X.MyPoint example).
When doing it with RTTI we'll always start from the "root" (a TExampleClass instance, or a TMyClass instance) and use nothing but a series of Rtti GetValue and SetValue methods to get the value of the deep field or set the value of the same deep field.
We'll assume we have the following:
We want to emulate this:
We'll brake that into steps, we're aiming for this:
Because we want to do it with RTTI, and we want it to work with anything, we will not use the "TPoint" type. So as expected we first do this:
For the next step we'll use the GetReferenceToRawData to get a pointer to the TPoint record hidden in the V:TValue (you know, the one we pretend we know nothing about - except the fact it's a RECORD). Once we get a pointer to that record, we can call the SetValue method to move that "7" inside the record.
This is allmost it. Now we just need to move the TValue back into X:TMyClass:
From head-to-tail it would look like this:
This can obviously be expanded to handle structures of any depth. Just remember that you need to do it step-by-step: The first GetValue uses the "root" instance, then the next GetValue uses an Instance that's extracted from the previous GetValue result. For records we may use TValue.GetReferenceToRawData, for objects we can use TValue.AsObject!
The next tricky bit is doing this in a generic way, so you can implement your bi-directional tree-like structure. For that, I'd recommend storing the path from "root" to your field in the form of an TRttiMember array (casting will then be used to find the actual runtype type, so we can call GetValue and SetValue). An node would look something like this:
The implementation of GetValue is very simple:
The implementation of SetValue would be a tiny little bit more involved. Because of those (pesky?) records we'll need to do everything the GetValue routine does (because we need the Instance pointer for the very last FMember element), then we'll be able to call SetValue, but we might need to call SetValue for it's parent, and then for it's parent's parent, and so on... This obviously means we need to KEEP all the intermediary TValue's intact, just in case we need them. So here we go:
... And this should be it. Now some warnings:
您似乎误解了实例指针的工作方式。您不存储指向该字段的指针,而是存储指向该字段所属的类或记录的指针。对象引用已经是指针,因此不需要进行强制转换。对于记录,您需要使用@符号获取指向它们的指针。
一旦有了指针和引用该字段的 TRttiField 对象,您就可以在 TRttiField 上调用 SetValue 或 GetValue,并传入实例指针,它会为您处理所有偏移量计算。
在数组的特定情况下,GetValue 将为您提供代表数组的 TValue。如果需要,您可以通过调用
TValue.IsArray
进行测试。当您有表示数组的 TValue 时,您可以使用TValue.GetArrayLength
获取数组的长度,并使用TValue.GetArrayElement
检索各个元素。编辑:以下是如何处理班级中的记录成员。
记录也是类型,并且它们有自己的 RTTI。您可以修改它们,而无需执行“GetValue、修改、SetValue”,如下所示:
看起来您不知道的部分是 TValue.GetReferenceToRawData。这将为您提供指向该字段的指针,而无需担心计算偏移量并将指针转换为整数。
You seem to be misunderstanding the way an instance pointer works. You don't store a pointer to the field, you store a pointer to the class or the record that it's a field of. Object references are pointers already, so no casting is needed there. For records, you need to obtain a pointer to them with the @ symbol.
Once you have your pointer, and a TRttiField object that refers to that field, you can call SetValue or GetValue on the TRttiField, and pass in your instance pointer, and it takes care of all the offset calculations for you.
In the specific case of arrays, GetValue it will give you a TValue that represents an array. You can test this by calling
TValue.IsArray
if you want. When you have a TValue that represents an array, you can get the length of the array withTValue.GetArrayLength
and retrieve the individual elements withTValue.GetArrayElement
.EDIT: Here's how to deal with record members in a class.
Records are types too, and they have RTTI of their own. You can modify them without doing "GetValue, modify, SetValue" like this:
It looks like the part you didn't know about is TValue.GetReferenceToRawData. That will give you a pointer to the field, without you needing to worry about calculating offsets and casting pointers to integers.