针对数据库表使用多个可选参数实现搜索功能
我想检查是否存在一种首选设计模式,用于针对数据库表实现具有多个可选参数的搜索功能,其中对数据库的访问只能通过存储过程进行。
目标平台是带有 SQL 2005、2008 后端的 .Net,但我认为这是一个非常普遍的问题。
例如,我们有客户表,我们希望为 UI 提供不同参数的搜索功能,例如客户类型、客户状态、客户邮政编码等,所有这些都是可选的,可以以任意组合进行选择。换句话说,用户可以仅通过customerType或者通过customerType、customerZIp或任何其他可能的组合来搜索。 有几种可用的设计方法,但它们都有一些缺点,我想问一下其中是否有首选设计或者是否有其他方法。
根据UI的搜索请求,在业务层动态生成sql where子句sql语句,并将其作为参数传递给存储过程。类似于 @Where = 'where CustomerZip = 111111' 在存储过程内部生成动态sql语句并使用sp_executesql执行它。 缺点:动态sql、sql注入
实现具有多个输入参数的存储过程,代表UI中的搜索字段,并使用以下构造仅选择where语句中请求字段的记录。
WHERE
(CustomerType = @CustomerType OR @CustomerType is null )
AND (CustomerZip = @CustomerZip OR @CustomerZip is null )
AND …………………………………………
缺点:sql 可能存在性能问题。
3.为每个搜索参数组合实现单独的存储过程。 缺点:存储过程的数量会随着搜索参数的增加而迅速增加,重复代码较多。
I would like to check if there is a preferred design pattern for implementing search functionality with multiple optional parameters against database table where the access to the database should be only via stored procedures.
The targeted platform is .Net with SQL 2005, 2008 backend, but I think this is pretty generic problem.
For example, we have customer table and we want to provide search functionality to the UI for different parameters, like customer Type, customer State, customer Zip, etc., and all of them are optional and can be selected in any combinations. In other words, the user can search by customerType only or by customerType, customerZIp or any other possible combinations.
There are several available design approaches, but all of them have some disadvantages and I would like to ask if there is a preferred design among them or if there is another approach.
Generate sql where clause sql statement dynamically in the business tier, based on the search request from the UI, and pass it to a stored procedure as parameter. Something like @Where = ‘where CustomerZip = 111111’
Inside the stored procedure generate dynamic sql statement and execute it with sp_executesql.
Disadvantage: dynamic sql, sql injectionImplement a stored procedure with multiple input parameters, representing the search fields from the UI, and use the following construction for selecting the records only for the requested fields in the where statement.
WHERE
(CustomerType = @CustomerType OR @CustomerType is null )
AND (CustomerZip = @CustomerZip OR @CustomerZip is null )
AND …………………………………………
Disadvantage: possible performance issue for the sql.
3.Implement separate stored procedure for each search parameter combinations.
Disadvantage: The number of stored procedures will increase rapidly with the increase of the search parameters, repeated code.
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查询对象模式。
The Query Object pattern.
方法1:动态SQL可以带参数,做起来非常简单,并且几乎消除了SQL注入的风险。反对动态 SQL 的最佳论据是,重要的语句可能需要一些复杂的逻辑来生成,尽管如果您使用像样的 ORM,这也不是问题。
NHiberante 和 LinqToSql 在幕后构建动态 SQL,并且它们不会充满安全漏洞。我认为,在推出自己的 DAL 之前,您最好考虑这两种技术中的一种。
方法2:我过去亲自使用过方法二,没有任何问题。您评论了“sql 可能存在的性能问题”,但是您是否进行过分析?比较执行计划?根据我自己的经验,使用
@param is null OR col = @param
方法对性能几乎没有影响。请记住,如果您花费 10 小时的开发时间来优化代码以每年节省 10 微秒的执行时间,那么您节省的净成本仍然接近 -10 小时。方法3:组合爆炸。不惜一切代价避免。
Method 1: dynamic SQL can take parameters, its pretty trivial to do and pretty much eliminates the risk of SQL injection. The best argument against dynamic SQL is how non-trivial statements can require some complex logic to generate, although this is a non-issue too if you're using a decent ORM.
NHiberante and LinqToSql construct dynamic SQL behind the scenes, and they aren't riddled with security holes. In my opinion, you're best considering one of these two technologies before rolling your own DAL.
Method 2: I have personally used method two in the past with no problems. You commented on the "possible performance issue for the sql", but have you profiled? Compared execution plans? In my own experience, their has been little to no performance hit using the
@param is null OR col = @param
approach. Remember, if it takes you 10 hours of developer time to optimize code to save 10 microseconds a year of execution time, your net savings is still almost -10 hours.Method 3: Combinatorial explosion. Avoid at all costs.
我将此作为评论发布,但我意识到这可能应该是一个答案。
将谓词编写为
WHERE @Param IS NULL OR Column = @Param
并不好,因为优化器通常认为它是不可控制的。尝试这个实验:使用填充最多的表,并尝试仅查询主键字段,该字段应该是您的聚集索引:
这两个
SELECT
语句将生成相同的结果结果,假设 PK 列是非负int
。但调出执行计划后,您会发现成本存在巨大差异。第一个SELECT
执行完整索引扫描,通常占用大约 90% 的查询成本。当您希望在 SQL 中具有可选搜索条件,并且无法使用动态 SQL 时,如果可以将其转换为范围查询而不是使用
ISNULL
,则性能最佳。即使范围很大(这里实际上是 int 范围的一半),当可选参数为时,优化器仍然会计算出它用过的。I posted this as a comment, but I realized it should probably be an answer.
It's not good to write predicates as
WHERE @Param IS NULL OR Column = @Param
, because the optimizer usually considers it to be non-sargable.Try this experiment: Take your most populated table, and try to query just for the Primary Key field, which should be your clustered index:
Both of these
SELECT
statements will produce identical results, assuming that the PK column is a non-negativeint
. But pull up the execution plan for this and you'll see a huge difference in cost. The firstSELECT
does a full index scan and typically takes up about 90% of the query cost.When you want to have optional search conditions in SQL, and you can't use dynamic SQL, it's best for performance if you can turn it into a range query instead using
ISNULL
. Even if the range is huge (literally half the range of anint
here), the optimizer will still figure it out when the optional parameter is used.