测试列是否存在、添加列和更新列

发布于 2024-08-31 08:16:21 字数 542 浏览 7 评论 0原文

我正在尝试编写 SQL Server 数据库更新脚本。我想测试表中是否存在列,如果不存在,则添加具有默认值的列,最后根据同一个表中不同列的当前值更新该列。我希望这个脚本可以运行多次,第一次更新表,并且在后续运行中应该忽略该脚本。我的脚本当前如下所示:

IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'PurchaseOrder' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'IsDownloadable')
BEGIN

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PurchaseOrder] ADD [IsDownloadable] bit NOT NULL DEFAULT 0

UPDATE [dbo].[PurchaseOrder] SET [IsDownloadable] = 1 WHERE [Ref] IS NOT NULL

END

SQL Server 返回错误“无效的列名 'IsDownloadable'”,即我需要先提交 DDL,然后才能更新列。我尝试过各种排列,但一无所获。

I'm trying to write a SQL Server database update script. I want to test for the existence of a column in a table, then if it doesn't exist add the column with a default value, and finally update that column based on the current value of a different column in the same table. I want this script to be runnable multiple times, the first time updating the table and on subsequent runs the script should be ignored. My script currently looks like the following:

IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'PurchaseOrder' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'IsDownloadable')
BEGIN

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PurchaseOrder] ADD [IsDownloadable] bit NOT NULL DEFAULT 0

UPDATE [dbo].[PurchaseOrder] SET [IsDownloadable] = 1 WHERE [Ref] IS NOT NULL

END

SQL Server returns error "Invalid column name 'IsDownloadable'", i.e. I need to commit the DDL before I can update the column. I've tried various permutations but I'm getting nowhere fast.

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世界和平 2024-09-07 08:16:21

除非该列已经存在,而这正是您不需要它的时候,否则该脚本不会成功运行。

SQL 脚本在执行之前必须经过解析。如果解析脚本时该列不存在,则解析将失败。您的脚本稍后创建该列并不重要;解析器无法知道这一点。

如果您想访问刚刚添加的列,则需要输入 GO 语句(批分隔符)。但是,一旦执行此操作,您就无法再维护上一批中的任何控制流或变量 - 就像运行两个单独的脚本一样。这使得同时有条件地执行 DDL 和 DML 变得很棘手。

最简单的解决方法(我可能会推荐给您,因为您的 DML 不是很复杂)是使用动态 SQL,解析器在“运行时”之前不会尝试解析:

IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'PurchaseOrder' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'IsDownloadable')
BEGIN

    ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PurchaseOrder] ADD 
        [IsDownloadable] bit NOT NULL DEFAULT 0

    EXEC sp_executesql
        N'UPDATE [dbo].[PurchaseOrder] SET [IsDownloadable] = 1 WHERE [Ref] IS NOT NULL'

END

This script will not run successfully unless the column already exists, which is exactly when you don't need it.

SQL Scripts have to be parsed before they can be executed. If the column doesn't exist at the time the script is parsed, then the parsing will fail. It doesn't matter that your scripts creates the column later on; the parser has no way of knowing that.

You need to put in a GO statement (batch separator) if you want to access a column that you just added. However, once you do that, you can no longer maintain any control flow or variables from the previous batch - it's like running two separate scripts. This makes it tricky to do both DDL and DML, conditionally, at the same time.

The simplest workaround, which I'd probably recommend for you because your DML is not very complex, is to use dynamic SQL, which the parser won't try to parse until "runtime":

IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'PurchaseOrder' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'IsDownloadable')
BEGIN

    ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PurchaseOrder] ADD 
        [IsDownloadable] bit NOT NULL DEFAULT 0

    EXEC sp_executesql
        N'UPDATE [dbo].[PurchaseOrder] SET [IsDownloadable] = 1 WHERE [Ref] IS NOT NULL'

END
倾城泪 2024-09-07 08:16:21

我自己经常对这个问题感到恼火,不幸的是,当 @parameters 和 '涉及字符串。但是,我通过利用同义词的使用找到了不同的解决方法:

IF(COL_LENGTH('MyTable', 'NewCol') IS NULL)
BEGIN
    ALTER TABLE MyTable ADD NewCol VARCHAR(16) NULL;

    CREATE SYNONYM hack FOR MyTable;
    UPDATE hack SET NewCol = 'Hello ' + OldCol;
    DROP SYNONYM hack;

    ALTER TABLE MyTable ALTER COLUMN NewCol VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL;
END

I have often been annoyed by this problem myself, and unfortunately the solution suggested in Aaronaught's answer quickly becomes messy when @parameters and 'strings' are involved. However, I have found a different workaround by exploiting the usage of synonyms:

IF(COL_LENGTH('MyTable', 'NewCol') IS NULL)
BEGIN
    ALTER TABLE MyTable ADD NewCol VARCHAR(16) NULL;

    CREATE SYNONYM hack FOR MyTable;
    UPDATE hack SET NewCol = 'Hello ' + OldCol;
    DROP SYNONYM hack;

    ALTER TABLE MyTable ALTER COLUMN NewCol VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL;
END
天气好吗我好吗 2024-09-07 08:16:21

尝试在 ALTER TABLE 之后添加“GO”语句。

这对我来说是新闻,但它这里说,所有声明一批(GO 之前的批次)被编译成一个查询计划。)如果 SQL 中没有 GO,整个计划实际上就是一个查询。

编辑:由于 GO 给出了语法错误(这对我来说似乎很奇怪),我创建了类似的东西,并发现这有效

declare @doUpdate bit;

SELECT @doUpdate = 0;

IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'PurchaseOrder' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'IsDownloadable')
BEGIN
 SELECT @doUpdate=1
END

IF @doUpdate<>0 
   ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PurchaseOrder] ADD [IsDownloadable] bit NOT NULL DEFAULT 0

IF @doUpdate<>0
  UPDATE [dbo].[PurchaseOrder] SET [IsDownloadable] = 1 WHERE [Ref]=0

COMMIT TRAN

Try adding a "GO" statement after the ALTER TABLE.

It was news to me, but it says here that all statements in a batch (those preceeding the GO) are compiled into one query plan.) Withou no GO in the SQL, the entire plan is effectively one query.

EDIT: Since GO gives a syntax error (which seemed strange to me), I created something similar, and found this worked

declare @doUpdate bit;

SELECT @doUpdate = 0;

IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
    WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'PurchaseOrder' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'IsDownloadable')
BEGIN
 SELECT @doUpdate=1
END

IF @doUpdate<>0 
   ALTER TABLE [dbo].[PurchaseOrder] ADD [IsDownloadable] bit NOT NULL DEFAULT 0

IF @doUpdate<>0
  UPDATE [dbo].[PurchaseOrder] SET [IsDownloadable] = 1 WHERE [Ref]=0

COMMIT TRAN
榆西 2024-09-07 08:16:21

尽管接受的答案确实有效,但对于更复杂的情况,您可以使用临时表来保存 GO 语句之后的数据。只要确保记得之后将其清理干净即可。

例如:

-- Create a tempTable if it doesn't exist. Use a unique name here
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tempTable') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #tempTable
CREATE TABLE #tempTable (ColumnsCreated bit)

-- Create your new column if it doesn't exist. Also, insert into the tempTable.
IF NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT * FROM   INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
    WHERE  TABLE_NAME = 'targetTable' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'newColumn')
BEGIN
    INSERT INTO #tempTable VALUES (1)

    ALTER TABLE .dbo.targetTable ADD newColumn [SMALLINT] NULL ;
END

GO

-- If the tempTable was inserted into, our new columns were created.
IF (EXISTS(SELECT * FROM #tempTable))
    BEGIN
    -- Do some data seeding or whatever
    END

-- Clean up - delete the tempTable.
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tempTable') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #tempTable

Although the accepted answer does work, for a more complicated case, you can use a temp table to persist data past the GO statement. just make sure you remember to clean it up after.

For example:

-- Create a tempTable if it doesn't exist. Use a unique name here
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tempTable') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #tempTable
CREATE TABLE #tempTable (ColumnsCreated bit)

-- Create your new column if it doesn't exist. Also, insert into the tempTable.
IF NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT * FROM   INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
    WHERE  TABLE_NAME = 'targetTable' AND COLUMN_NAME = 'newColumn')
BEGIN
    INSERT INTO #tempTable VALUES (1)

    ALTER TABLE .dbo.targetTable ADD newColumn [SMALLINT] NULL ;
END

GO

-- If the tempTable was inserted into, our new columns were created.
IF (EXISTS(SELECT * FROM #tempTable))
    BEGIN
    -- Do some data seeding or whatever
    END

-- Clean up - delete the tempTable.
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tempTable') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #tempTable
孤君无依 2024-09-07 08:16:21

如果您至少使用 SQL Server 2008,则可以在添加列时指定 WITH VALUES,这将使用该属性的默认值填充现有记录。

IF COL_LENGTH('[dbo].[Trucks]', 'Is4WheelDrive') IS NULL
BEGIN

    ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Trucks]
    ADD [Is4WheelDrive] BIT NULL DEFAULT 1
    WITH VALUES;

END

如果该列不存在,这会将新列 [Is4WheelDrive] 添加到表 [dbo].[Trucks] 中。新列(如果添加)将使用默认值填充现有记录,在本例中为 BIT 值 1。如果该列已存在,则不会修改任何记录。

If you're using at least SQL Server 2008, you can specify WITH VALUES at the time of column addition, which will populate existing records with the default value for that attribute.

IF COL_LENGTH('[dbo].[Trucks]', 'Is4WheelDrive') IS NULL
BEGIN

    ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Trucks]
    ADD [Is4WheelDrive] BIT NULL DEFAULT 1
    WITH VALUES;

END

This will add a new column, [Is4WheelDrive], to the table [dbo].[Trucks] if that column doesn't exist. The new column, if added, will populate existing records with the default value, which in this case is a BIT value of 1. If the column already existed, no records would be modified.

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