性状混合的限制

Question

我想要拥有只能混合指定特征的类：

class Peter extends Human with Lawful with Evil
class Mag extends Elf with Chaotic with Neutral

Scala 中有一种方法可以做到这一点吗？

UPD：

trait Law
trait Lawful extends Law
trait LNeutral extends Law
trait Chaotic extends Law

trait Moral
trait Good extends Moral
trait Neutral extends Moral
trait Evil extends Moral

class Hero .........
class Homer extends Hero with Chaotic with Good

我想以一种限制客户端程序员混合特定特征的方式定义一个 Hero 类（Lawful/LNeutral/如果他扩展了 Hero 类，则为混乱和善良/中立/邪恶）。我想找到一些其他的可能性来限制/限制像这样的客户端代码。

Answer 1

艰难的。试试这个：

scala> trait Law[T]
defined trait Law

scala> trait Lawful extends Law[Lawful]
defined trait Lawful

scala> trait Chaotic extends Law[Chaotic]
defined trait Chaotic

scala> class Peter extends Lawful with Chaotic
<console>:8: error: illegal inheritance;
 class Peter inherits different type instances of trait Law:
Law[Chaotic] and Law[Lawful]
       class Peter extends Lawful with Chaotic
             ^

如果您想要求必须扩展 Law 类型，那么您需要在某些基类或特征中使用 self 类型：

scala> class Human {
     |   self: Law[_] =>
     | }
defined class Human

scala> class Peter extends Human
<console>:7: error: illegal inheritance;
 self-type Peter does not conform to Human's selftype Human with Law[_]
       class Peter extends Human
                           ^

并且还有一些进一步的调整以确保进一步的类型安全。最终结果可能如下所示：

sealed trait Law[T <: Law[T]]
trait Lawful extends Law[Lawful]
trait LNeutral extends Law[LNeutral]
trait Chaotic extends Law[Chaotic]

sealed trait Moral[T <: Moral[T]]
trait Good extends Moral[Good]
trait Neutral extends Moral[Neutral]
trait Evil extends Moral[Evil]

class Human {
  self: Law[_] with Moral[_] =>
}

Answer 2

也许您正在寻找限制自我类型声明。例如：

class Human
trait Lawful
trait Lawless

class NiceGuy
extends Human
{
  this: Lawful =>
}

class BadGuy
extends Human
{
  this: Lawless =>
}


scala> class SuperHero extends NiceGuy
<console>:7: error: illegal inheritance;
 self-type SuperHero does not conform to NiceGuy's selftype NiceGuy with Lawful
       class SuperHero extends NiceGuy
                               ^

scala> class SuperHero extends NiceGuy with Lawful
defined class SuperHero

scala> class SuperVillain extends BadGuy
<console>:7: error: illegal inheritance;
 self-type SuperVillain does not conform to BadGuy's selftype BadGuy with Lawless
       class SuperVillain extends BadGuy
                                  ^

scala> class SuperVillain extends BadGuy with Lawless
defined class SuperVillain

Answer 3

您可以检查 Human 和/或 Elf 的构造函数是否具有允许的特征的实例：

class Human {
  if (this.instanceOf[Lawful] && this.instanceOf[Chaotic])
    throw new AlignmentException("A Human can only be either Lawful or Chaotic")
}