python 中的高效列表映射

Question

我有以下输入：

input = [(dog, dog, cat, mouse), (cat, ruby, python, mouse)]

并尝试获得以下输出：

outputlist = [[0, 0, 1, 2], [1, 3, 4, 2]]

outputmapping = {0:dog, 1:cat, 2:mouse, 3:ruby, 4:python, 5:mouse}

有关如何处理给出的可扩展性的任何提示（var 输入可能会变得非常大）。

Answer 1

您可能想要类似的东西：

import collections
import itertools

def build_catalog(L):
    counter = itertools.count().next
    names = collections.defaultdict(counter)
    result = []
    for t in L:
        new_t = [ names[item] for item in t ]
        result.append(new_t)
    catalog = dict((name, idx) for idx, name in names.iteritems())
    return result, catalog

使用它：

>>> input = [('dog', 'dog', 'cat', 'mouse'), ('cat', 'ruby', 'python', 'mouse')]
>>> outputlist, outputmapping = build_catalog(input)
>>> outputlist
[[0, 0, 1, 2], [1, 3, 4, 2]]
>>> outputmapping
{0: 'dog', 1: 'cat', 2: 'mouse', 3: 'ruby', 4: 'python'}

Answer 2

此类将自动将对象映射到递增的整数值：

class AutoMapping(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.map = {}
        self.objects = []

    def __getitem__(self, val):
        if val not in self.map:
            self.map[val] = len(self.objects)
            self.objects.append(val)
        return self.map[val]

示例用法，用于您的输入：

>>> input = [('dog', 'dog', 'cat', 'mouse'), ('cat', 'ruby', 'python', 'mouse')]
>>> map = AutoMapping()
>>> [[map[x] for x in y] for y in input]
[[0, 0, 1, 2], [1, 3, 4, 2]]
>>> map.objects
['dog', 'cat', 'mouse', 'ruby', 'python']
>>> dict(enumerate(map.objects))
{0: 'dog', 1: 'cat', 2: 'mouse', 3: 'ruby', 4: 'python'}

Answer 3

这是一种可能的解决方案，尽管它不是最好的。如果您通过预先分配列表中的每个条目事先知道有多少个元素，则可以稍微提高效率。

labels=[];
label2index={};
outputlist=[];
for group in input:
    current=[];
    for label in group:
       if label not in label2index:
           label2index[label]=len(labels);
           labels.append(label);
       current.append(label2index[label]);
    outputlist.append(current);

outputmapping={};
for idx, val in enumerate(labels):
    outputmapping[idx]=val;

Answer 4

我在我的项目中经常遇到同样的问题，所以我不久前完成了一个类，它正是这样做的：

class UniqueIdGenerator(object):
    """A dictionary-like class that can be used to assign unique integer IDs to
    names.

    Usage:

    >>> gen = UniqueIdGenerator()
    >>> gen["A"]
    0
    >>> gen["B"]
    1
    >>> gen["C"]
    2
    >>> gen["A"]      # Retrieving already existing ID
    0
    >>> len(gen)      # Number of already used IDs
    3
    """

    def __init__(self, id_generator=None):
        """Creates a new unique ID generator. `id_generator` specifies how do we
        assign new IDs to elements that do not have an ID yet. If it is `None`,
        elements will be assigned integer identifiers starting from 0. If it is
        an integer, elements will be assigned identifiers starting from the given
        integer. If it is an iterator or generator, its `next` method will be
        called every time a new ID is needed."""
        if id_generator is None:
            id_generator = 0
        if isinstance(id_generator, int):
            import itertools
            self._generator = itertools.count(id_generator)
        else:
            self._generator = id_generator
        self._ids = {}

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        """Retrieves the ID corresponding to `item`. Generates a new ID for `item`
        if it is the first time we request an ID for it."""
        try:
            return self._ids[item]
        except KeyError:
            self._ids[item] = self._generator.next()
            return self._ids[item]

    def __len__(self):
        """Retrieves the number of added elements in this UniqueIDGenerator"""
        return len(self._ids)

    def reverse_dict(self):
        """Returns the reversed mapping, i.e., the one that maps generated IDs to their
        corresponding items"""
        return dict((v, k) for k, v in self._ids.iteritems())

    def values(self):
        """Returns the list of items added so far. Items are ordered according to
        the standard sorting order of their keys, so the values will be exactly
        in the same order they were added if the ID generator generates IDs in
        ascending order. This hold, for instance, to numeric ID generators that
        assign integers starting from a given number."""
        return sorted(self._ids.keys(), key = self._ids.__getitem__)

用法示例：

>>> input = [(dog, dog, cat, mouse), (cat, ruby, python, mouse)]
>>> gen = UniqueIdGenerator()
>>> outputlist = [[gen[x] for x in y] for y in input]
[[0, 0, 1, 2], [1, 3, 4, 2]]
>>> print outputlist
>>> outputmapping = gen.reverse_dict()
>>> print outputmapping
{0: 'dog', 1: 'cat', 2: 'mouse', 3: 'ruby', 4: 'python'}