制作 Ubuntu 可执行文件
我使用 gcc 编译器编写了一个 C 程序。现在它没有 GUI 组件。我正在使用 makefile 编译它并在终端中运行它。我需要部署它，以便可执行文件是独立的。我希望可执行文件有一个图标，单击时在终端中启动程序。谁能告诉我该怎么做？
i have made a program in C using the gcc compiler. Right now it has no GUI components. I am compiling it with makefile and running it in the terminal. I need to deploy it so that the executable is standalone. I want the executable to have an icon and when clicked start the program in the terminal. Can anyone tell me how to do this?
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基础知识
（免责声明：以下内容是在 kubuntu 上进行测试的，您可能需要对您的系统进行一些调整）
实际上有一个标准可以做到这一点，不仅适用于 Ubuntu，而且适用于任何数量的 *nix 系统。请参阅：http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Howto_desktop_files：
假设您有您要部署的
foo.bin文件。根据 文件系统层次结构标准，这是一个放置它的好地方（如果您不使用包manager) 是/usr/local/bin/。您还需要一个图标，我假设您的艺术天赋产生了foo.png，并且它的好地方可能是/usr/local/share/icons/。现在您需要创建如下所示的
foo.desktop：并将其放入
/usr/share/applications/中。您也许可以使用菜单编辑器来创建这样的文件。在
~/.local/share/applications/下查找生成的桌面文件。这应该可以解决问题。
另一个约定是将所有内容都放在
/opt/foo/下，并创建到/usr/local/的符号链接。跨 DE 与 Portland
Portland 项目 提供
xdg-*命令行实用程序，可以轻松地以 DE（GNOME、KDE 等）独立方式安装应用程序的图标/菜单项/资源文件。请参阅 KDE 和linuxuser.co.uk 上的 GNOME 跨桌面开发教程。
更好的方法
对于部署，您应该考虑创建一个
*.deb包。 （带有您的可执行文件、*.desktop文件和图标）。关于这个主题有几个教程，例如 http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/Linux-For-Devices-Articles/How-to-make-deb-packages/。请注意，如果您使用包管理器，文件位置的约定将变为
/usr/而不是/usr/local/。一路走下去
如果您愿意的话，下一步就是设置您自己的存储库，或者 PPA< /a>.
The basics
(disclaimer: the following was tested with kubuntu, you might need to make some adjustments for your system)
Actually there is a standard to do that, not just for Ubuntu but for any number of *nix systems. Consult: http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Howto_desktop_files:
Lets assume you have your
foo.binfile you want to deploy. According to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, a good place to put it (if you are not using a package manager) is/usr/local/bin/. You will also need an icon, I will assume your artistic talent producedfoo.png, and a good place for it might be/usr/local/share/icons/.Now you need to create
foo.desktopthat might look like this:and put it in
/usr/share/applications/.You might be able to use your menu editor to create such a file. Look for the generated desktop file under
~/.local/share/applications/.This should do the trick.
Another convention is to put everything under
/opt/foo/and create symbolic links to/usr/local/.Cross DE with Portland
The Portland project provides the
xdg-*command line utilities that make it easy to install the application's icon / menu entry / resource file, in a DE (GNOME, KDE, etc) independent way.See the KDE & GNOME cross-desktop development tutorial on linuxuser.co.uk.
A better way
For deployment you should consider creating a
*.debpackage. (with your executable,*.desktopfile and icon). There are several tutorials on this subject e.g. http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/Linux-For-Devices-Articles/How-to-make-deb-packages/.Note that if you are using a package manager, the convention for file location becomes
/usr/instead of/usr/local/.Go all the way
The next step, if you are inclined to take it, is setup your own repository, or PPA.
Chen的链接获取桌面图标和菜单条目；特别是对于 Ubuntu（以及大多数 Debian 衍生系统），有很多很好的文档。可以从以下链接开始使用： https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ Packaging?highlight=%28CategoryPackaging%24%29
从“PackagingGuide”开始阅读。 :)
至于在 X 下的终端中运行您的应用程序 - 在 Ubuntu 上 - 只需运行
x-terminal-emulator命令由“update-alternatives”管理，并且将是指向任何首选的符号链接系统上有 xterm 模拟器。对于 Kubuntu 系统，它通常是 kterm，对于常规 Ubuntu 系统，它可能是 gnome-terminal 等。但是，如果安装了 X，您可以指望 x-terminal-emulator 可用。-e选项适用于所有这些命令，因为它是一个 xterm 命令，它们都为了兼容性而实现了该命令。Chen's link gets the desktop icon and menu entry; for Ubuntu specifically (and really any Debian-derived system, for the most part), there is a whole lot of good documentation. It's available starting at this link: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Packaging?highlight=%28CategoryPackaging%24%29
Start reading at "PackagingGuide". :)
As far as running your app in a terminal under X - on Ubuntu - just run
The
x-terminal-emulatorcommand is managed by "update-alternatives" and will be a symlink to whatever the preferred xterm emulator is on the system. For a Kubuntu system, it'll usually be kterm, for a regular Ubuntu system it'll likely be gnome-terminal, etc. But you can count on x-terminal-emulator being available if X is installed. And the-eoption works for all of them, because it's an xterm command which they all implement for compatibility.