t-sql 最有效的行到列? xml 路径、枢轴的交叉表
我正在寻找将行转换为列的最有效的方法。我需要以固定宽度和分隔格式输出数据库的内容(不是下面的实际模式,但概念相似)。下面的 FOR XML PATH 查询给出了我想要的结果,但是当处理除少量数据之外的任何内容时,可能需要一段时间。
select orderid
,REPLACE(( SELECT ' ' + CAST(ProductId as varchar)
FROM _details d
WHERE d.OrderId = o.OrderId
ORDER BY d.OrderId,d.DetailId
FOR XML PATH('')
),' ','') as Products
from _orders o
我研究过数据透视表,但我发现的大多数示例都是聚合信息。我只想合并子行并将它们附加到父行上。
我还应该指出,我不需要处理列名称,因为子行的输出将是固定宽度字符串或分隔字符串。
例如,给定下表:
OrderId CustomerId
----------- -----------
1 1
2 2
3 3
DetailId OrderId ProductId
----------- ----------- -----------
1 1 100
2 1 158
3 1 234
4 2 125
5 3 101
6 3 105
7 3 212
8 3 250
对于我需要输出的订单:
orderid Products
----------- -----------------------
1 100 158 234
2 125
3 101 105 212 250
或
orderid Products
----------- -----------------------
1 100|158|234
2 125
3 101|105|212|250
想法或建议?我使用的是 SQL Server 2k5。
设置示例:
create table _orders (
OrderId int identity(1,1) primary key nonclustered
,CustomerId int
)
create table _details (
DetailId int identity(1,1) primary key nonclustered
,OrderId int
,ProductId int
)
insert into _orders (CustomerId)
select 1
union select 2
union select 3
insert into _details (OrderId,ProductId)
select 1,100
union select 1,158
union select 1,234
union select 2,125
union select 3,105
union select 3,101
union select 3,212
union select 3,250
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX IX_CL__orders on _orders(OrderId)
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_NCL__orders on _orders(OrderId)
INCLUDE (CustomerId)
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX IX_CL_details on _details(OrderId)
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_NCL_details on _details(OrderId)
INCLUDE (DetailId,ProductId)
使用 FOR XML PATH:
select orderid
,REPLACE(( SELECT ' ' + CAST(ProductId as varchar)
FROM _details d
WHERE d.OrderId = o.OrderId
ORDER BY d.OrderId,d.DetailId
FOR XML PATH('')
),' ','') as Products
from _orders o
输出我想要的内容,但是对于大量数据来说速度非常慢。其中一个子表超过 200 万行,将处理时间延长至约 4 小时。
orderid Products
----------- -----------------------
1 100 158 234
2 125
3 101 105 212 250
I am looking for the most performant way to turn rows into columns. I have a requirement to output the contents of the db (not actual schema below, but concept is similar) in both fixed width and delimited formats. The below FOR XML PATH query gives me the result I want, but when dealing with anything other than small amounts of data, can take awhile.
select orderid
,REPLACE(( SELECT ' ' + CAST(ProductId as varchar)
FROM _details d
WHERE d.OrderId = o.OrderId
ORDER BY d.OrderId,d.DetailId
FOR XML PATH('')
),' ','') as Products
from _orders o
I've looked at pivot but most of the examples I have found are aggregating information. I just want to combine the child rows and tack them onto the parent.
I should also point out I don't need to deal with the column names either since the output of the child rows will either be a fixed width string or a delimited string.
For example, given the following tables:
OrderId CustomerId
----------- -----------
1 1
2 2
3 3
DetailId OrderId ProductId
----------- ----------- -----------
1 1 100
2 1 158
3 1 234
4 2 125
5 3 101
6 3 105
7 3 212
8 3 250
for an order I need to output:
orderid Products
----------- -----------------------
1 100 158 234
2 125
3 101 105 212 250
or
orderid Products
----------- -----------------------
1 100|158|234
2 125
3 101|105|212|250
Thoughts or suggestions? I am using SQL Server 2k5.
Example Setup:
create table _orders (
OrderId int identity(1,1) primary key nonclustered
,CustomerId int
)
create table _details (
DetailId int identity(1,1) primary key nonclustered
,OrderId int
,ProductId int
)
insert into _orders (CustomerId)
select 1
union select 2
union select 3
insert into _details (OrderId,ProductId)
select 1,100
union select 1,158
union select 1,234
union select 2,125
union select 3,105
union select 3,101
union select 3,212
union select 3,250
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX IX_CL__orders on _orders(OrderId)
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_NCL__orders on _orders(OrderId)
INCLUDE (CustomerId)
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX IX_CL_details on _details(OrderId)
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_NCL_details on _details(OrderId)
INCLUDE (DetailId,ProductId)
using FOR XML PATH:
select orderid
,REPLACE(( SELECT ' ' + CAST(ProductId as varchar)
FROM _details d
WHERE d.OrderId = o.OrderId
ORDER BY d.OrderId,d.DetailId
FOR XML PATH('')
),' ','') as Products
from _orders o
which outputs what I want, however is very slow for large amounts of data. One of the child tables is over 2 million rows, pushing the processing time out to ~ 4 hours.
orderid Products
----------- -----------------------
1 100 158 234
2 125
3 101 105 212 250
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根据定义,数据透视表必须以某种方式聚合,因为您可以拥有具有相同数据透视表键列的多行。如果您没有多行,那很好 - 但您仍然需要选择聚合运算符(MIN、MAX、SUM)。
但是
FOR XML PATH
构造更适合多行值到单字符串列的“透视”操作。我不确定为什么你的表现不好。表上有哪些索引?您的执行计划是什么样的?
By definition a PIVOT is going to HAVE to aggregate in some way, because you can have multiple rows with the same pivot key columns. If you don't have multiple rows, that's fine - but you still need to choose an aggregate operator (MIN, MAX, SUM).
But the
FOR XML PATH
construct is better for the multiple-row-values to single-string-column "pivot" operation.I'm not sure why yours is not performing well. What indexes do you have on the tables? What does your execution plan look like?