适合初学者的嵌入式 Linux
我想学习如何在嵌入式linux中进行开发。我需要什么材料？我没有实际的嵌入式设备，因此我计划在 PC 上使用一些设备模拟器。我想知道如何在设备中加载内核和文件系统。
I want to learn how to develop in embedded linux. What materials should I need? I don't have the actual embedded device so I plan to use some device emulator for the PC. I want to know how to load the kernel and the filesystem in the device.
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根据您计划使用的设备，您可以使用 QUEMU< 来模拟它/强>。
即使没有设备，您也可以通过阅读一些 文章http://www.linuxfordevices.com。
一个好的起点可能是 嵌入式 Linux 概述快速参考指南。
Depending on the device you plan on using, you may be able to emulate it using QUEMU.
Even without a device, you could probably get started by reading through some of the articles on http://www.linuxfordevices.com.
A good starting point may be The Embedded Linux Overview Quick Reference Guide.
您可能想查看 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/
大多数标准 Linux 发行版都是为成熟的桌面而设计的。 “从头开始的 Linux”方法非常适合嵌入式平台，因为您可以创建适合非常小的内存占用的基本内核。
对于嵌入式单板计算机来说，具有至少一个 RS-232 串行端口和至少一个以太网接口以及存储在闪存中的引导加载程序是相当常见的。引导加载程序通常会让您使用串行端口来配置多个引导选项之一，例如从板载闪存（可能从 SD 或 USB 闪存）引导，或使用以太网上的 TFTP，有时甚至通过串行端口本身。
You might want to check out http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/
Most standard linux distros are intended for full-blown desktops. The "linux from scratch" approach is ideal for embedded platforms, since you can create bare-bones kernels that can be fit into very small memory footprints.
It's fairly common for embedded single board computers to have at least one RS-232 serial port and at least one ethernet interface, and a boot loader stored in flash. The bootloader will often let you use the serial port to configure one of several boot options, such as boot from on-board flash, possibly from SD or USB flash, or use TFTP over ethernet, or sometimes even through the serial port itself.
设备制造商应该提供某种 SDK、开发环境或至少一些用于在设备上加载操作系统的文档。
您将需要某种交叉编译器和链接器来为设备创建可执行文件。远程调试器会很好，但可能不可用。
在您的工作站上运行的仿真器或模拟器将非常非常有帮助。
您将需要任何硬件来将数据和可执行文件移入或移出设备。这可能是以太网、RS-232、wi-fi、蓝牙、USB、光纤、eprom 刻录机或其他奇怪的东西。
如果没有更多关于您的目标设备类型的详细信息，就没有更多建议。
The device manufacturer should provide some sort of SDK, development environment, or at least some documentation for loading an OS on the device.
You'll need some sort of cross-compiler and linker to create executables for the device. A remote debugger would be nice, but may not be available.
An emulator or simulator that runs on your workstation would be very, very helpful.
You'll need whatever hardware is needed to move data and executables to and from the device. This may be Ethernet, RS-232, wi-fi, Bluetooth, USB, optical, eprom burner, or something weird.
Without more information about exactly what kind of device you are targeting, there is not much more to suggest.
如果您想在真实的开发板上而不是模拟器上工作，您可以尝试一些流行的开发板，例如 beagle 板。下载内核源代码树并进行自己的构建，然后将引导加载程序和内核映像刷新到板上。
If you want to work on a real board instead of emulator, you can try some popular development board such the beagle board. Download a kernel source tree and make your own build, and then flash the bootloader and kernel images onto the board.
如果你想快速开始一些事情，我建议使用 QEMU 和 Angstrom 预编译包。您可以尝试本教程： running-qt4-examples -on-embedded-linux
If you want to quickly start with something, I suggest to use QEMU and Angstrom precompiled packages. You can try this tutorial: running-qt4-examples-on-embedded-linux
许多更常用的板使用闪存进行“磁盘”存储。学习如何创建和操作可启动映像（包括多个分区磁盘映像）将是您在此过程中要学习的内容之一。
正如之前的发帖者所回应的那样，您确实需要决定要针对哪种设备，这意味着决定要开发的应用程序。
并不是您要求推荐，而是 pcengines 的 ALIX 板广泛可用，价格合理，并且入门相对简单。
Many of the more commonly used boards use flash memory for "disk" storage. Learning how to create and manipulate bootable images, including multiple partition disk images, will be one of those things you'll learn along the way.
As an earlier poster responded, you really need to decide which device you want to target, and that means deciding the applications you're intending to develop.
Not that you asked for a recommendation, but the ALIX boards from pcengines are widely available, reasonably priced, and relatively simple to get started with.
我建议从基础开始尝试，然后再升级。从头开始尝试跨 Linux http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/clfs/view /clfs-2.0/arm/？
I suggest try from the basics and then move up. Try Cross Linux from Scratch http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/clfs/view/clfs-2.0/arm/?
另一个好的起点是熟悉嵌入式 Linux：
www.embedded.org 。你会在那里找到一个很好的介绍。我也试图让自己熟悉嵌入式 Linux，这个由 7 部分组成的介绍让我对差异、它的工作原理以及如何开始有了更深入的了解。
Another good starting point, to get familiar with embedded Linux:
www.embedded.org. You'll find a good intro there. I'm trying to get myself familiar with embedded Linux as well and this 7 part intro gave me more insight in the differences, how it works, and how to get started.