LaTeX 有数组数据结构吗？
LaTeX 中有数组吗？我的意思不是排版数组的方式。我的意思是数组作为 LaTeX/TeX 中的数据结构作为“编程语言”。我需要在数组中存储多个 vbox-es 或 hbox-es。它可能类似于“宏数组”。
更多细节：我有一个应该排版歌曲的环境。我需要存储一些歌曲的段落作为我的宏 \songparagraph 的参数（所以我不会排版它们，只存储这些段落）。由于我不知道一首特定歌曲可以有多少段落，因此我需要一个数组。当环境关闭时，所有段落都将被排版 - 但将首先测量它们，并计算每个段落的最佳位置（例如，某些段落可以并排放置在两列中，以使歌曲看起来像更紧凑并节省一些空间）。
任何想法都会受到欢迎。 如果您了解 LaTeX 中的数组，请发布一些基本文档、教程的链接或仅说明基本命令。
Are there arrays in LaTeX? I don't mean the way to typeset arrays. I mean arrays as the data structure in LaTeX/TeX as a "programming language". I need to store a number of vbox-es or hbox-es in an array. It may be something like "an array of macros".
More details: I have an environment that should typeset songs. I need to store some songs' paragraphs given as arguments to my macro \songparagraph (so I will not typeset them, just store those paragraphs). As I don't know how many paragraphs can be in one particular song I need an array for this. When the environment is closed, all the paragraphs will be typeset - but they will be first measured and the best placement for each paragraph will be computed (for example, some paragraphs can be put one aside the other in two columns to make the song look more compact and save some space).
Any ideas would be welcome.
Please, if you know about arrays in LaTeX, post a link to some basic documentation, tutorial or just state basic commands.
如果你对这篇内容有疑问，欢迎到本站社区发帖提问 参与讨论，获取更多帮助，或者扫码二维码加入 Web 技术交流群。
绑定邮箱获取回复消息
由于您还没有绑定你的真实邮箱，如果其他用户或者作者回复了您的评论，将不能在第一时间通知您！
发布评论
评论（7）
这是一个如何在 LaTeX 中实现的数组：
通过 LaTeX（latex mydoc.tex 或 pdflatex mydoc.tex）运行它，您会看到输出。
简短说明：这将创建两个命令（使用 newcommand）：ary1 和 ary2。需要
\expandafter是因为newcommand不应该定义\csname而是由\csname创建的命令...\endcsname。\expandafter跳过下一个标记，在本例中是控制序列\newcommand并在 TeX 看到\newcommand之前执行下一个命令。这意味着，TeX 在新命令行中首先看到的是\csname...\endcsname构造，TeX 执行它，然后执行\newcommand< /code> 与\csname...\endcsname构造的结果。\csname foo\endcsname与\foo相同，但您可以在\csname创建的命令中使用任何字符甚至空格。 ..<代码>\endcsname。这并非小事。请参阅 Victor Eijkhout 的伟大著作“TeX by topic”：http://eijkhout.net/texbytopic/texbytopic。 html
This is an array how it could be implemented in LaTeX:
Run this through LaTeX (latex mydoc.tex or pdflatex mydoc.tex) and you see the output.
A short explanation: this creates two commands (with newcommand): ary1 and ary2. The
\expandafteris needed becausenewcommandshould not define\csnamebut the command created by\csname...\endcsname.\expandafterjumps over the next token, in this case the control sequence\newcommandand executes the next command before TeX sees the\newcommand. That means, the first thing in the newcommand-lines TeX sees is the\csname...\endcsnameconstruct, TeX executes it and then executes\newcommandwith the result of the\csname...\endcsnameconstruct.\csname foo\endcsnameis the same as\foo, but you can use any character or even spaces in the command created by\csname...\endcsname.This is not trivial. See the great book "TeX by topic" from Victor Eijkhout: http://eijkhout.net/texbytopic/texbytopic.html
Luatex 有 Lua 的表，它概括了数组。如果标准 Latex 对您来说并不重要，请考虑将 Luatex 与 Latex 一起使用。然后，您可以执行以下操作：
Luatex 与 Latex 相比有点不稳定，因为需要转义 Latex 代码中的各种 Lua 字符。 Context 有
\startluacode ... \stopluacode宏来处理 Lua 代码定义，以及\ctxlua用于 Lua 代码调用，我看不出为什么会出现这样的情况无法为 Latex 定义。Luatex has Lua's tables, which generalise arrays. If having standard Latex is not important to you, consider using Luatex with Latex. You can then do such things as:
Luatex is a bit flaky with Latex, because of the need to escape all kinds of Lua characters in the Latex code. Context has
\startluacode ... \stopluacodemacros to handle Lua code definitions, and\ctxluafor Lua code calls, and I can't see any reason why something like these couldn't be defined for Latex.pgfkeys 和 pgffor 可能也适合您。它们是 pgf （便携式图形格式）包的一部分，但它们可以独立于所有包使用图形的东西。
pgfkeys and pgffor might also work for you. They're part of the pgf (portable graphics format) package but they can be used independently of all the graphics stuff.
为了扩展帕特里克的答案，简短的答案是“不”。然而，由于它具有宏扩展，因此可以编程为具有数组。
这是另一个示例，该示例使用 push 和 pop 来表示“数组”。当调用
\type@pushcolour时，它将当前颜色保存到堆栈中。\type@popcolour采用顶部颜色定义，并使用它：（我从 beamer 包的源代码中改编了此代码）
To expand on Patrick's answer, the short answer is "No". However, as it has macro expansion, it can be programmed to have arrays.
Here's another example, this one using push and pop for "arrays". When
\type@pushcolouris called, it saves the current colour on to the stack.\type@popcolourtakes the top colour definition, and uses it:(I adapted this code from the source for the beamer package)
您还可以查看 datatool 包或 expl3 编程系统以及“属性列表”数据类型之类的内容。
You could also look at something like the datatool package or the expl3 programming system, and the "property list" data type.
查看Arrayjob，它为 LaTeX 实现了数组。诚然，我只是看了一眼，所以我不知道它的效果如何。但是，如果您不必自己编写......
Check out Arrayjob which implements arrays for LaTeX. Admittedly, I've only peeked at it, so I don't know how effective it will be. But, if you don't have to write it yourself ...
readarray 包允许将格式化数据输入到元素中
2-D 或 3-D 数组（或 1-D 文件记录数组）。
The readarray package allows one to input formatted data into elements
of a 2-D or 3-D array (or a 1-D file-record array).