如何从 Android 中的 PreferenceActivity 获取 SharedPreferences?

发布于 2024-08-28 13:38:13 字数 904 浏览 18 评论 0原文

我正在使用 PreferenceActivity 来显示我的应用程序的一些设置。我通过 xml 文件扩充设置,以便我的 onCreate (和完整的类方法)如下所示:

public class FooActivity extends PreferenceActivity {
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
        super.onCreate(icicle);
        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preference);
    }
}

PreferenceActivity PreferenceFragment 指出

当用户与它们交互时,这些首选项将自动保存到 SharedPreferences 中。要检索此 Activity 中的首选项层次结构将使用的 SharedPreferences 实例,请使用与此 Activity 位于同一包中的上下文调用 getDefaultSharedPreferences(android.content.Context)。

但是如何在另一个 Activity 中获取 SharedPreference 的名称呢?我只能调用

getSharedPreferences(name, mode)

其他活动,但我需要 PreferenceActivity 使用的 SharedPreference 的名称。名称是什么或者如何检索它?

I am using a PreferenceActivity to show some settings for my application. I am inflating the settings via a xml file so that my onCreate (and complete class methods) looks like this:

public class FooActivity extends PreferenceActivity {
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
        super.onCreate(icicle);
        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preference);
    }
}

The javadoc of PreferenceActivity PreferenceFragment states that

These preferences will automatically save to SharedPreferences as the user interacts with them. To retrieve an instance of SharedPreferences that the preference hierarchy in this activity will use, call getDefaultSharedPreferences(android.content.Context) with a context in the same package as this activity.

But how I get the name of the SharedPreference in another Activity? I can only call

getSharedPreferences(name, mode)

in the other activity but I need the name of the SharedPreference which was used by the PreferenceActivity. What is the name or how can i retrieve it?

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难得心□动 2024-09-04 13:38:13
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
// then you use
prefs.getBoolean("keystring", true);

更新

根据共享首选项 | Android 开发者教程(第 13 部分) 作者:Sai Geetha MN,

许多应用程序可能提供一种捕获用户偏好的方法
特定应用程序或活动的设置。用于配套
为此,Android提供了一组简单的API。

首选项通常是名称值对。它们可以存储为
应用程序中各种活动的“共享首选项”(注意
目前它不能跨进程共享)。或者也可以是
需要存储特定于活动的内容。

  1. 共享首选项:共享首选项可供应用程序的所有组件(活动、服务等)使用。

    共享

  2. 活动处理的首选项:这些首选项只能在特定的活动中使用,不能被应用程序的其他组件使用。

    活动处理的首选项:这些

共享首选项

共享首选项通过 Context 类的 getSharedPreferences 方法进行管理。首选项存储在默认文件 (1) 中,或者您可以指定用于引用首选项的文件名 (2)

(1)推荐方式是按默认模式使用,不指定文件名

SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);

(2)下面是指定文件名时获取实例的方式

public static final String PREF_FILE_NAME = "PrefFile";
SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(PREF_FILE_NAME, MODE_PRIVATE);

MODE_PRIVATE是首选项的操作模式。这是默认模式,意味着创建的文件将仅由调用应用程序访问。支持的其他两种模式是 MODE_WORLD_READABLEMODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE。在MODE_WORLD_READABLE中,其他应用程序可以读取创建的文件,但不能修改它。在 MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE 的情况下,其他应用程序也对所创建的文件具有写入权限。

最后,一旦您拥有了首选项实例,您可以通过以下方式从首选项检索存储的值

int storedPreference = preferences.getInt("storedInt", 0);

在首选项文件SharedPreference.Editor<中存储值必须使用 /code> 对象。 EditorSharedPreference 类中的嵌套接口。

SharedPreferences.Editor editor = preferences.edit();
editor.putInt("storedInt", storedPreference); // value to store
editor.commit();

编辑器还支持 remove()clear() 等方法从文件中删除首选项值。

活动首选项

共享首选项可供其他应用程序组件使用。但是,如果您不需要与其他组件共享首选项并希望拥有活动私有首选项,则可以借助活动的 getPreferences() 方法来实现。 getPreference 方法使用 getSharedPreferences() 方法,并将活动类的名称作为首选项文件名。

以下是获取首选项的代码。

SharedPreferences preferences = getPreferences(MODE_PRIVATE);
int storedPreference = preferences.getInt("storedInt", 0);

存储值的代码也与共享首选项的情况相同。

SharedPreferences preferences = getPreference(MODE_PRIVATE);
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = preferences.edit();
editor.putInt("storedInt", storedPreference); // value to store
editor.commit();

您还可以使用其他方法,例如将活动状态存储在数据库中。注意 Android 还包含一个名为 android.preference 的包。该包定义了用于实现应用程序首选项 UI 的类。

要查看更多示例,请查看 Android 的 数据存储 帖子开发者网站。

import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
// then you use
prefs.getBoolean("keystring", true);

Update

According to Shared Preferences | Android Developer Tutorial (Part 13) by Sai Geetha M N,

Many applications may provide a way to capture user preferences on the
settings of a specific application or an activity. For supporting
this, Android provides a simple set of APIs.

Preferences are typically name value pairs. They can be stored as
“Shared Preferences” across various activities in an application (note
currently it cannot be shared across processes). Or it can be
something that needs to be stored specific to an activity.

  1. Shared Preferences: The shared preferences can be used by all the components (activities, services etc) of the applications.

  2. Activity handled preferences: These preferences can only be used within the particular activity and can not be used by other components of the application.

Shared Preferences:

The shared preferences are managed with the help of getSharedPreferences method of the Context class. The preferences are stored in a default file (1) or you can specify a file name (2) to be used to refer to the preferences.

(1) The recommended way is to use by the default mode, without specifying the file name

SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);

(2) Here is how you get the instance when you specify the file name

public static final String PREF_FILE_NAME = "PrefFile";
SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(PREF_FILE_NAME, MODE_PRIVATE);

MODE_PRIVATE is the operating mode for the preferences. It is the default mode and means the created file will be accessed by only the calling application. Other two modes supported are MODE_WORLD_READABLE and MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE. In MODE_WORLD_READABLE other application can read the created file but can not modify it. In case of MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE other applications also have write permissions for the created file.

Finally, once you have the preferences instance, here is how you can retrieve the stored values from the preferences:

int storedPreference = preferences.getInt("storedInt", 0);

To store values in the preference file SharedPreference.Editor object has to be used. Editor is a nested interface in the SharedPreference class.

SharedPreferences.Editor editor = preferences.edit();
editor.putInt("storedInt", storedPreference); // value to store
editor.commit();

Editor also supports methods like remove() and clear() to delete the preference values from the file.

Activity Preferences:

The shared preferences can be used by other application components. But if you do not need to share the preferences with other components and want to have activity private preferences you can do that with the help of getPreferences() method of the activity. The getPreference method uses the getSharedPreferences() method with the name of the activity class for the preference file name.

Following is the code to get preferences

SharedPreferences preferences = getPreferences(MODE_PRIVATE);
int storedPreference = preferences.getInt("storedInt", 0);

The code to store values is also the same as in case of shared preferences.

SharedPreferences preferences = getPreference(MODE_PRIVATE);
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = preferences.edit();
editor.putInt("storedInt", storedPreference); // value to store
editor.commit();

You can also use other methods like storing the activity state in database. Note Android also contains a package called android.preference. The package defines classes to implement application preferences UI.

To see some more examples check Android's Data Storage post on developers site.

公布 2024-09-04 13:38:13

如果您无权访问 getDefaultSharedPreferenes(),则可以使用 getSharedPreferences(name, mode) 代替,只需传入正确的名称即可。

Android 创建此名称(可能基于您项目的包名称?)。您可以通过将以下代码放入 SettingsActivity onCreate() 中,并查看 preferencesName 是什么来获取它。

String preferencesName = this.getPreferenceManager().getSharedPreferencesName();

该字符串应类似于 com.example.projectname_preferences。在项目中的某个位置进行硬编码,并将其传递给 getSharedPreferences() ,然后就可以开始了。

If you don't have access to getDefaultSharedPreferenes(), you can use getSharedPreferences(name, mode) instead, you just have to pass in the right name.

Android creates this name (possibly based on the package name of your project?). You can get it by putting the following code in a SettingsActivity onCreate(), and seeing what preferencesName is.

String preferencesName = this.getPreferenceManager().getSharedPreferencesName();

The string should be something like com.example.projectname_preferences. Hard code that somewhere in your project, and pass it in to getSharedPreferences() and you should be good to go.

鸩远一方 2024-09-04 13:38:13

首先声明这些方法..

public static void putPref(String key, String value, Context context) {
    SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
    SharedPreferences.Editor editor = prefs.edit();
    editor.putString(key, value);
    editor.commit();
}

public static String getPref(String key, Context context) {
    SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
    return preferences.getString(key, null);
}

然后当你想要放置一个 pref 时调用这个:

putPref("myKey", "mystring", getApplicationContext());

当你想要获取一个 pref 时调用这个:

getPref("myKey", getApplicationContext());

或者你可以使用这个对象https://github.com/kcochibili/TinyDB--Android-Shared-Preferences-Turbo
这进一步简化了一切

示例:

TinyDB tinydb = new TinyDB(context);

tinydb.putInt("clickCount", 2);
tinydb.putFloat("xPoint", 3.6f);
tinydb.putLong("userCount", 39832L);

tinydb.putString("userName", "john");
tinydb.putBoolean("isUserMale", true); 

tinydb.putList("MyUsers", mUsersArray);
tinydb.putImagePNG("DropBox/WorkImages", "MeAtlunch.png", lunchBitmap);

Declare these methods first..

public static void putPref(String key, String value, Context context) {
    SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
    SharedPreferences.Editor editor = prefs.edit();
    editor.putString(key, value);
    editor.commit();
}

public static String getPref(String key, Context context) {
    SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
    return preferences.getString(key, null);
}

Then call this when you want to put a pref:

putPref("myKey", "mystring", getApplicationContext());

call this when you want to get a pref:

getPref("myKey", getApplicationContext());

Or you can use this object https://github.com/kcochibili/TinyDB--Android-Shared-Preferences-Turbo
which simplifies everything even further

Example:

TinyDB tinydb = new TinyDB(context);

tinydb.putInt("clickCount", 2);
tinydb.putFloat("xPoint", 3.6f);
tinydb.putLong("userCount", 39832L);

tinydb.putString("userName", "john");
tinydb.putBoolean("isUserMale", true); 

tinydb.putList("MyUsers", mUsersArray);
tinydb.putImagePNG("DropBox/WorkImages", "MeAtlunch.png", lunchBitmap);
盛夏尉蓝 2024-09-04 13:38:13

必须到处传递上下文真的很烦我。代码变得过于冗长且难以管理。我在每个项目中都这样做......

public class global {
    public static Activity globalContext = null;

并将其设置在主要活动中创建,

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new CustomExceptionHandler(
            global.sdcardPath,
            ""));
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    //Start 
    //Debug.startMethodTracing("appname.Trace1");

    global.globalContext = this;

所有首选项键都应该与语言无关,我很震惊没有人提到这一点。

getText(R.string.yourPrefKeyName).toString()

现在用一行代码非常简单地调用它

global.globalContext.getSharedPreferences(global.APPNAME_PREF, global.MODE_PRIVATE).getBoolean("isMetric", true);

having to pass context around everywhere is really annoying me. the code becomes too verbose and unmanageable. I do this in every project instead...

public class global {
    public static Activity globalContext = null;

and set it in the main activity create

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new CustomExceptionHandler(
            global.sdcardPath,
            ""));
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    //Start 
    //Debug.startMethodTracing("appname.Trace1");

    global.globalContext = this;

also all preference keys should be language independent, I'm shocked nobody has mentioned that.

getText(R.string.yourPrefKeyName).toString()

now call it very simply like this in one line of code

global.globalContext.getSharedPreferences(global.APPNAME_PREF, global.MODE_PRIVATE).getBoolean("isMetric", true);
或十年 2024-09-04 13:38:13

如果你有一个复选框并且你想在任何 java 文件中获取它的值,即 true / false--

使用--

Context mContext;
boolean checkFlag;

checkFlag=PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(mContext).getBoolean(KEY,DEFAULT_VALUE);`

if you have a checkbox and you would like to fetch it's value ie true / false in any java file--

Use--

Context mContext;
boolean checkFlag;

checkFlag=PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(mContext).getBoolean(KEY,DEFAULT_VALUE);`
柳若烟 2024-09-04 13:38:13

尝试以下对我有用的源代码

//Fetching id from shared preferences
    SharedPreferences sharedPreferences;
    sharedPreferences =getSharedPreferences(Constant.SHARED_PREF_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
    getUserLogin = sharedPreferences.getString(Constant.ID_SHARED_PREF, "");

Try following source code it worked for me

//Fetching id from shared preferences
    SharedPreferences sharedPreferences;
    sharedPreferences =getSharedPreferences(Constant.SHARED_PREF_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
    getUserLogin = sharedPreferences.getString(Constant.ID_SHARED_PREF, "");
~没有更多了~
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