全局字符和方括号字符 ('[]')

发布于 2024-08-28 12:56:18 字数 339 浏览 11 评论 0原文

/Users/smcho/Desktop/bracket/[10,20] 目录有“abc.txt”，但是当我运行此 Python 代码时

import glob
import os.path

path1 = "/Users/smcho/Desktop/bracket/\[10,20\]"
pathName = os.path.join(path1, "*.txt")
print glob.glob(pathName)

它返回一个空列表。

Python 的 glob 不能处理括号字母或其他字母吗？
有什么办法可以解决这个问题吗？

原文

/Users/smcho/Desktop/bracket/[10,20] directory has "abc.txt", but when I run this Python code

import glob
import os.path

path1 = "/Users/smcho/Desktop/bracket/\[10,20\]"
pathName = os.path.join(path1, "*.txt")
print glob.glob(pathName)

It returns an empty list.

Can't Python's glob handle the bracket letters or others?
Is there any way to solve this problem?

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忘东忘西忘不掉你 2024-09-04 12:56:18

glob 中的括号用于字符类（例如，[az] 将匹配小写字母）。您可以将每个括号放在字符类中以强制它们匹配：

path1 = "/Users/smcho/Desktop/bracket/[[]10,20[]]"

[[] 是仅包含字符 [ 和 []]< 的字符类/code> 是仅包含字符 ] 的字符类（右括号可以通过将其放在第一个位置来放置在字符类中）。

此外，由于括号在字符串文字中不会转义，因此您的代码将查找反斜杠和括号。

The brackets in glob are used for character classes (e.g. [a-z] will match lowercase letters). You can put each bracket in a character class to force them being matched:

path1 = "/Users/smcho/Desktop/bracket/[[]10,20[]]"

[[] is a character class containing only the character [, and []] is a character class containing only the character ] (the closing bracket can be placed in a character class by putting it in the first position).

Additionally, since brackets aren't escaped in string literals, your code will look for a backslash as well as a bracket.

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奶茶白久 2024-09-04 12:56:18

在Python 3.4中，您可以使用 glob.escape< /a>.

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梦萦几度 2024-09-04 12:56:18

glob 在底层使用 fnmatch。您可以直接使用它：

import fnmatch, os

names = os.listdir("/Users/smcho/Desktop/bracket/[10,20]")
print fnmatch.filter(names, '*.txt')

或者使用（非公共）glob.glob1()（它至少存在于Python 2.3+，包括Python 3中）：

import glob

print glob.glob1("/Users/smcho/Desktop/bracket/[10,20]", '*.txt')

这是glob.glob1：

def glob1(dirname, pattern):
    if not dirname:
        dirname = os.curdir
    if isinstance(pattern, unicode) and not isinstance(dirname, unicode):
        dirname = unicode(dirname, sys.getfilesystemencoding() or
                                   sys.getdefaultencoding())
    try:
        names = os.listdir(dirname)
    except os.error:
        return []
    if pattern[0] != '.':
        names = filter(lambda x: x[0] != '.', names)
    return fnmatch.filter(names, pattern)

glob uses fnmatch under the hood. You could use it directly:

import fnmatch, os

names = os.listdir("/Users/smcho/Desktop/bracket/[10,20]")
print fnmatch.filter(names, '*.txt')

Or using (non-public) glob.glob1() (it is present at least in Python 2.3+ including Python 3):

import glob

print glob.glob1("/Users/smcho/Desktop/bracket/[10,20]", '*.txt')

Here's the implementation of glob.glob1:

def glob1(dirname, pattern):
    if not dirname:
        dirname = os.curdir
    if isinstance(pattern, unicode) and not isinstance(dirname, unicode):
        dirname = unicode(dirname, sys.getfilesystemencoding() or
                                   sys.getdefaultencoding())
    try:
        names = os.listdir(dirname)
    except os.error:
        return []
    if pattern[0] != '.':
        names = filter(lambda x: x[0] != '.', names)
    return fnmatch.filter(names, pattern)

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