没有可变参数模板的通用分配器类?

发布于 2024-08-28 07:21:30 字数 583 浏览 10 评论 0原文

我正在尝试编写一个通用分配器类,该类在 free() 时不会真正释放对象的内存,而是将其保存在队列中,并在请求新对象时返回先前分配的对象。现在,我无法理解的是如何在使用分配器时将参数传递给对象的构造函数(至少不诉诸可变参数模板)。我想出的 alloc() 函数如下所示:

template <typename... T>
inline T *alloc(const &T... args) {
    T *p;

    if (_free.empty()) {
        p = new T(args...);
    } else {
        p = _free.front();
        _free.pop();

        // to call the ctor of T, we need to first call its DTor
        p->~T();
        p = new( p ) T(args...);
    }
    return p;
}

尽管如此,我需要代码与当今的 C++(以及不支持可变参数模板的旧版本 GCC)兼容。还有其他方法可以将任意数量的参数传递给对象构造函数吗?

I am trying to write a generic allocator class that does not really release an object's memory when it is free()'d but holds it in a queue and returns a previously allocated object if a new one is requested. Now, what I can't wrap my head around is how to pass arguments to the object's constructor when using my allocator (at least without resorting to variadic templates, that is). The alloc() function i came up with looks like this:

template <typename... T>
inline T *alloc(const &T... args) {
    T *p;

    if (_free.empty()) {
        p = new T(args...);
    } else {
        p = _free.front();
        _free.pop();

        // to call the ctor of T, we need to first call its DTor
        p->~T();
        p = new( p ) T(args...);
    }
    return p;
}

Still, I need the code to be compatible with today's C++ (and older versions of GCC that do not support variadic templates). Is there any other way to go about passing an arbitrary amount of arguments to the objects constructor?

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红玫瑰 2024-09-04 07:21:30

当您需要针对 C++0x 之前的编译器时,您需要提供伪变量模板,即您需要为每个所需的数量提供模板函数:

template<class T> 
T* alloc() { 
    /* ... */ 
}

template<class T, class A0> 
T* alloc(const A0& a0) { 
    /* ... */ 
}

/* ... */

您可以使用 预处理器元编程虽然可以处理重复,例如通过使用 Boost.Preprocessor 或使用简单的脚本生成函数。

以下是使用 Boost.PP 的简单示例:

#include <boost/preprocessor/arithmetic/inc.hpp>
#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_binary_params.hpp>
#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_params.hpp>

template<class T>
T* alloc() {
    return new T;
}

#define FUNCTION_ALLOC(z, N, _) \
  template<class T, BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS_Z(z, BOOST_PP_INC(N), class T)> \
  T* alloc(BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS_Z(z, BOOST_PP_INC(N), const T, &p)) { \
     return new T( \
       BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS_Z(z, BOOST_PP_INC(N), p) \
     ); \
  }

BOOST_PP_REPEAT(10, FUNCTION_ALLOC, ~)

#undef FUNCTION_ALLOC

这将为您生成最多 10 个参数的 alloc() 模板函数。

When you need to target pre-C++0x compilers you need to provide pseudo-variadic templates, i.e. you need to provide a template function for every needed arity:

template<class T> 
T* alloc() { 
    /* ... */ 
}

template<class T, class A0> 
T* alloc(const A0& a0) { 
    /* ... */ 
}

/* ... */

You can use preprocessor metaprogramming though to handle the repititions, e.g. by using Boost.Preprocessor or by simply generating the functions using a simple script.

Following is a simple example using Boost.PP:

#include <boost/preprocessor/arithmetic/inc.hpp>
#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_binary_params.hpp>
#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_params.hpp>

template<class T>
T* alloc() {
    return new T;
}

#define FUNCTION_ALLOC(z, N, _) \
  template<class T, BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS_Z(z, BOOST_PP_INC(N), class T)> \
  T* alloc(BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS_Z(z, BOOST_PP_INC(N), const T, &p)) { \
     return new T( \
       BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS_Z(z, BOOST_PP_INC(N), p) \
     ); \
  }

BOOST_PP_REPEAT(10, FUNCTION_ALLOC, ~)

#undef FUNCTION_ALLOC

This generates you alloc() template functions for up to 10 arguments.

各空 2024-09-04 07:21:30

C++11 之前的问题解决方案是仅提供一个简单的 alloc 函数来构造其参数的副本。这就是 C++03 分配器和所有容器的工作方式,持续了 20 多年。将其应用到您的代码中,它会变成:

template <typename T>
inline T *alloc(const &T arg) {
    T *p;

    if (_free.empty()) {
        p = new T(arg);
    } else {
        p = _free.front();
        _free.pop();

        // to call the ctor of T, we need to first call its DTor
        p->~T();
        p = new( p ) T(arg);
    }
    return p;
}

然后您将其称为:

// copy construct T into the allocator's memory:
instance_of_your_allocator.alloc(T(1, 2, 3));

这种方法的缺点是它需要一个可用的复制构造函数,并且它可能是一个昂贵的操作。

再举一个例子:

vector<T> vec;
vec.push_back(T(1, 2, 3)); // C++03 way, uses move cons-tor in C++11 if possible.
vec.emplace_back(1, 2, 3); // C++11 way, constructs in-place

The pre-C++11 solution to the problem is to provide only one simple alloc function which constructs a copy of its argument. This is the way C++03 allocators and all the containers worked, for more than 20 years. Applying it to your code it becomes:

template <typename T>
inline T *alloc(const &T arg) {
    T *p;

    if (_free.empty()) {
        p = new T(arg);
    } else {
        p = _free.front();
        _free.pop();

        // to call the ctor of T, we need to first call its DTor
        p->~T();
        p = new( p ) T(arg);
    }
    return p;
}

And then you call it as:

// copy construct T into the allocator's memory:
instance_of_your_allocator.alloc(T(1, 2, 3));

The downside of this approach is that it requires a copy-constructor to be available, and its potentially a costly operation.

One more example:

vector<T> vec;
vec.push_back(T(1, 2, 3)); // C++03 way, uses move cons-tor in C++11 if possible.
vec.emplace_back(1, 2, 3); // C++11 way, constructs in-place
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