以原子方式将文件替换为另一个文件的硬链接
我有两个目录条目,a 和 b。 之前,a和b指向不同的inode。 之后,我希望 b 指向与 a 相同的 inode。 我希望这是安全的 - 我的意思是如果我在某个地方失败,b 要么指向其原始 inode,要么指向 a inode。最特别的是我不想最终 b 消失。
mv 覆盖时是原子的。
当目标已经存在时 ln 似乎不起作用。
所以看起来我可以说:
ln a tmp mv tmp b
如果发生故障,将会留下一个“tmp”文件,这是不可取的,但也不是灾难。
有更好的方法吗?
(我实际上想做的是将具有相同内容的文件替换为包含该内容的单个 inode,在所有目录条目之间共享)
I have two directory entries, a and b.
Before, a and b point to different inodes.
Afterwards, I want b to point to the same inode as a does.
I want this to be safe - by which I mean if I fail somewhere, b either points to its original inode or the a inode. most especially I don't want to end up with b disappearing.
mv is atomic when overwriting.
ln appears to not work when the destination already exists.
so it looks like i can say:
ln a tmp
mv tmp b
which in case of failure will leave a 'tmp' file around, which is undesirable but not a disaster.
Is there a better way to do this?
(what I'm actually trying to do is replace files that have identical content with a single inode containing that content, shared between all directory entries)
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ln a tmp && mv tmp b || rm tmp
似乎更好,因为如果 ln 失败,则
mv
将不会被执行(并且在失败时使 stderr 变得混乱)。ln a tmp && mv tmp b || rm tmp
seems better, as then if
ln
fails, themv
will not get executed (and clutter up stderr when it fails).事实上,正如您在问题中所述,这是原子地执行此操作的最快方法。
(挑剔者角落:更快地将两个系统调用放在一个程序中)
is in fact the fastest way to do it atomically, as you stated in your question.
(Nitpickers corner: faster to place both system calls in one program)