如何将短语和单词转换为 MD5 哈希值?
谁能帮我解释一下如何将“我想买一些牛奶”这样的短语转换成MD5?我读过关于 MD5 的维基百科文章,但其中给出的解释超出了我的理解范围:
“MD5处理变长 消息转换成固定长度的输出 128 位。输入消息已损坏 分成 512 位块 (十六个 32 位小端字节序 整数)”
“十六个 32 位小端整数”对我来说已经很难了。我查了有关小端的 Wiki 文章,但有点不明白。
但是,该 Wiki 文章中的一些短语及其 MD5 哈希值的示例是很不错:
MD5(“敏捷的棕色狐狸跳过 懒狗”)= 9e107d9d372bb6826bd81d3542a419d6
MD5(“敏捷的棕色狐狸跳过 这只懒狗。”) = e4d909c290d0fb1ca068ffaddf22cbd0
谁能用一些非常简单的例子向我解释一下这个 MD5 算法是如何工作的?
而且,也许您知道一些可以将短语转换为 MD5 的软件或代码。如果是,请告诉我。
Can anyone, please, explain to me how to transform a phrase like "I want to buy some milk" into MD5? I read Wikipedia article on MD5, but the explanation given there is beyond my comprehension:
"MD5 processes a variable-length
message into a fixed-length output of
128 bits. The input message is broken
up into chunks of 512-bit blocks
(sixteen 32-bit little endian
integers)"
"sixteen 32-bit little endian integers" is already hard for me. I checked the Wiki article on little endians and didn't understand a bit.
However, the examples of some phrases and their MD5 hashes in that Wiki article are very nice:
MD5("The quick brown fox jumps over
the lazy dog") =
9e107d9d372bb6826bd81d3542a419d6MD5("The quick brown fox jumps over
the lazy dog.") =
e4d909c290d0fb1ca068ffaddf22cbd0
Can anyone, please, explain to me how this MD5 algorithm works using some very simple example?
And also, perhaps you know some software or a code that would transform phrases into their MD5. If yes, please, let me know.
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忘记字节序:它只是一种信息编码方式的名称。
让我们关注维基百科 MD5 文章。您从输入消息开始。它可以是任意长:通常会创建 2GB ISO 文件的 MD5 哈希值,就像十几个字符长的字符串(例如密码)的哈希值一样。
哈希值将包含在寄存器
a
、b
、c
和d
中。这些寄存器使用特殊值 (h0-h3
) 进行初始化。该算法将输入分成 16 个 4 字节块(“16 个 32 位小端字”)并应用特定的逻辑运算(函数
F
、G
、H
和I
) 部分输入和寄存器的当前状态a
、b
、c< /code> 和
d
。对于每组 16 个 4 字节块,它执行此操作 64 次。当所有块都处理完毕后,
a
、b
、c
和d
中剩下的就是最终的哈希值,您可以通过调用md5sum testfile.txt
获得该文件。更新:
如果您只想计算哈希值,那么自己实现它是没有意义的,因为它已经针对可能每种重要语言进行了完成和测试:
Python:
SQL (MySQL):
Java:
等。
Forget about the endians: it's just a way name for a way to encode information.
Let's follow the wikipedia MD5 article. You start with an input message. It can be arbitrarily long: MD5 hashes for 2GB ISO files are routinely created, just like hashes for strings a dozen characters long (e.g. for passwords).
The hash will be contained in registers
a
,b
,c
andd
. These registers are initialized with special values (h0-h3
).The algorithm breaks the input into 16 4-byte chunks ("sixteen 32-bit little-endian words") and applies specific logical operations (functions
F
,G
,H
andI
) on parts of the input and the current state of registersa
,b
,c
andd
. It does this 64 times for each set of 16 4-byte chunks.When all of the chunks are processed, what remains in
a
,b
,c
andd
is the final hash, the one you might get by invokingmd5sum testfile.txt
.Update:
If you just want to be able to calculate a hash, implementing it yourself makes no sense because it's been done and tested for probably every significant language out there:
Python:
SQL (MySQL):
Java:
etc.
Md5 是一种哈希算法:它生成输入文本的签名,因此更改输入中的任何字母都会对签名产生重大且不可预测的影响。
例如:
文本“这是一个相当短的文本,看起来很正常”的 md5 签名是“2bb1a5a5204aba95c886b3eb598c9d41”
相同文本的 md5 签名加上句点,“这是一个相当短的文本,看起来很正常”。是 '870df12558aae47b40bf738290ba8554'
如您所见,签名有很大不同。此属性使 md5 适合作为一种“指纹识别”:两本书仅相差一个字母,其 md5 完全不同。此外,对于任何一对不同的书来说,两个 md5 几乎都不会相同:冲突是极其罕见的。
md5 有多种实现,包括多个在线版本(这里是一个)。如果您想要某种特定语言的版本,请指定哪种语言。
Md5 is a hash algorithm: It produces a signature of the input text such that changing any letter in the input will have significant, unpredictable impact on the signature.
For instance:
The md5 signature of the text 'This is a quite short text which looks quite normal' is '2bb1a5a5204aba95c886b3eb598c9d41'
The md5 signature of the same text with an added period, 'This is a quite short text which looks quite normal.' is '870df12558aae47b40bf738290ba8554'
As you see, there signature differs significantly. This property makes md5 suitable as a type of 'fingerprinting': Two books who only differ by one letter have completely different md5s. Futhermore, two md5s are almost never the same for any pair of different books: collisions are extremely rare.
There are numerous implementations of md5, including several online versions (here is one). If you want one in a specific language, please specify which.
MD5 已经严重损坏,并且已经存在多年了。如果可以的话,请勿用于任何目的。在新应用程序中,使用 SHA-2 哈希函数,例如 SHA-256。
MD5 is horribly broken and has been for years. Do not use for any purpose if you can possibly help it. In new applications, use a SHA-2 hash function such as SHA-256.