Google App Engine - 安全 Cookie
我一直在寻找一种在 Google App Engine 中进行基于 cookie 的身份验证/会话的方法,因为我不喜欢基于内存缓存的会话的想法,而且我也不喜欢强迫用户创建 google 帐户只是为了使用网站。我偶然发现某人的帖子提到了Tornado 框架中的一些签名 cookie 函数,它看起来像我需要的。我的想法是将用户的 id 存储在防篡改 cookie 中,并且可能使用请求处理程序的装饰器来测试用户的身份验证状态,并且作为一个附带好处,用户 id 将可用于请求处理程序数据存储工作等。该概念类似于 ASP.NET 中的表单身份验证。这段代码来自Tornado框架的web.py模块。
根据文档字符串,它“对 cookie 进行签名和时间戳,使其无法被伪造”并且 “如果给定的签名 cookie 有效,则返回该 cookie,否则返回 None。”
我尝试在 App Engine 项目中使用它,但我不明白尝试让这些方法在请求处理程序的上下文中工作的细微差别。有人可以告诉我正确的方法来做到这一点而不失去 FriendFeed 开发人员投入的功能吗? set_secure_cookie 和 get_secure_cookie 部分是最重要的,但是如果也能够使用其他方法那就太好了。
#!/usr/bin/env python
import Cookie
import base64
import time
import hashlib
import hmac
import datetime
import re
import calendar
import email.utils
import logging
def _utf8(s):
if isinstance(s, unicode):
return s.encode("utf-8")
assert isinstance(s, str)
return s
def _unicode(s):
if isinstance(s, str):
try:
return s.decode("utf-8")
except UnicodeDecodeError:
raise HTTPError(400, "Non-utf8 argument")
assert isinstance(s, unicode)
return s
def _time_independent_equals(a, b):
if len(a) != len(b):
return False
result = 0
for x, y in zip(a, b):
result |= ord(x) ^ ord(y)
return result == 0
def cookies(self):
"""A dictionary of Cookie.Morsel objects."""
if not hasattr(self,"_cookies"):
self._cookies = Cookie.BaseCookie()
if "Cookie" in self.request.headers:
try:
self._cookies.load(self.request.headers["Cookie"])
except:
self.clear_all_cookies()
return self._cookies
def _cookie_signature(self,*parts):
self.require_setting("cookie_secret","secure cookies")
hash = hmac.new(self.application.settings["cookie_secret"],
digestmod=hashlib.sha1)
for part in parts:hash.update(part)
return hash.hexdigest()
def get_cookie(self,name,default=None):
"""Gets the value of the cookie with the given name,else default."""
if name in self.cookies:
return self.cookies[name].value
return default
def set_cookie(self,name,value,domain=None,expires=None,path="/",
expires_days=None):
"""Sets the given cookie name/value with the given options."""
name = _utf8(name)
value = _utf8(value)
if re.search(r"[\x00-\x20]",name + value):
# Don't let us accidentally inject bad stuff
raise ValueError("Invalid cookie %r:%r" % (name,value))
if not hasattr(self,"_new_cookies"):
self._new_cookies = []
new_cookie = Cookie.BaseCookie()
self._new_cookies.append(new_cookie)
new_cookie[name] = value
if domain:
new_cookie[name]["domain"] = domain
if expires_days is not None and not expires:
expires = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(
days=expires_days)
if expires:
timestamp = calendar.timegm(expires.utctimetuple())
new_cookie[name]["expires"] = email.utils.formatdate(
timestamp,localtime=False,usegmt=True)
if path:
new_cookie[name]["path"] = path
def clear_cookie(self,name,path="/",domain=None):
"""Deletes the cookie with the given name."""
expires = datetime.datetime.utcnow() - datetime.timedelta(days=365)
self.set_cookie(name,value="",path=path,expires=expires,
domain=domain)
def clear_all_cookies(self):
"""Deletes all the cookies the user sent with this request."""
for name in self.cookies.iterkeys():
self.clear_cookie(name)
def set_secure_cookie(self,name,value,expires_days=30,**kwargs):
"""Signs and timestamps a cookie so it cannot be forged"""
timestamp = str(int(time.time()))
value = base64.b64encode(value)
signature = self._cookie_signature(name,value,timestamp)
value = "|".join([value,timestamp,signature])
self.set_cookie(name,value,expires_days=expires_days,**kwargs)
def get_secure_cookie(self,name,include_name=True,value=None):
"""Returns the given signed cookie if it validates,or None"""
if value is None:value = self.get_cookie(name)
if not value:return None
parts = value.split("|")
if len(parts) != 3:return None
if include_name:
signature = self._cookie_signature(name,parts[0],parts[1])
else:
signature = self._cookie_signature(parts[0],parts[1])
if not _time_independent_equals(parts[2],signature):
logging.warning("Invalid cookie signature %r",value)
return None
timestamp = int(parts[1])
if timestamp < time.time() - 31 * 86400:
logging.warning("Expired cookie %r",value)
return None
try:
return base64.b64decode(parts[0])
except:
return None
uid=1234|1234567890|d32b9e9c67274fa062e2599fd659cc14
零件:
1. uid是key的名称
2. 1234 是你的明确值
3. 1234567890 是时间戳
4. d32b9e9c67274fa062e2599fd659cc14 是由值和时间戳组成的签名
I'd been searching for a way to do cookie based authentication/sessions in Google App Engine because I don't like the idea of memcache based sessions, and I also don't like the idea of forcing users to create google accounts just to use a website. I stumbled across someone's posting that mentioned some signed cookie functions from the Tornado framework and it looks like what I need. What I have in mind is storing a user's id in a tamper proof cookie, and maybe using a decorator for the request handlers to test the authentication status of the user, and as a side benefit the user id will be available to the request handler for datastore work and such. The concept would be similar to forms authentication in ASP.NET. This code comes from the web.py module of the Tornado framework.
According to the docstrings, it "Signs and timestamps a cookie so it cannot be forged" and
"Returns the given signed cookie if it validates, or None."
I've tried to use it in an App Engine Project, but I don't understand the nuances of trying to get these methods to work in the context of the request handler. Can someone show me the right way to do this without losing the functionality that the FriendFeed developers put into it? The set_secure_cookie, and get_secure_cookie portions are the most important, but it would be nice to be able to use the other methods as well.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import Cookie
import base64
import time
import hashlib
import hmac
import datetime
import re
import calendar
import email.utils
import logging
def _utf8(s):
if isinstance(s, unicode):
return s.encode("utf-8")
assert isinstance(s, str)
return s
def _unicode(s):
if isinstance(s, str):
try:
return s.decode("utf-8")
except UnicodeDecodeError:
raise HTTPError(400, "Non-utf8 argument")
assert isinstance(s, unicode)
return s
def _time_independent_equals(a, b):
if len(a) != len(b):
return False
result = 0
for x, y in zip(a, b):
result |= ord(x) ^ ord(y)
return result == 0
def cookies(self):
"""A dictionary of Cookie.Morsel objects."""
if not hasattr(self,"_cookies"):
self._cookies = Cookie.BaseCookie()
if "Cookie" in self.request.headers:
try:
self._cookies.load(self.request.headers["Cookie"])
except:
self.clear_all_cookies()
return self._cookies
def _cookie_signature(self,*parts):
self.require_setting("cookie_secret","secure cookies")
hash = hmac.new(self.application.settings["cookie_secret"],
digestmod=hashlib.sha1)
for part in parts:hash.update(part)
return hash.hexdigest()
def get_cookie(self,name,default=None):
"""Gets the value of the cookie with the given name,else default."""
if name in self.cookies:
return self.cookies[name].value
return default
def set_cookie(self,name,value,domain=None,expires=None,path="/",
expires_days=None):
"""Sets the given cookie name/value with the given options."""
name = _utf8(name)
value = _utf8(value)
if re.search(r"[\x00-\x20]",name + value):
# Don't let us accidentally inject bad stuff
raise ValueError("Invalid cookie %r:%r" % (name,value))
if not hasattr(self,"_new_cookies"):
self._new_cookies = []
new_cookie = Cookie.BaseCookie()
self._new_cookies.append(new_cookie)
new_cookie[name] = value
if domain:
new_cookie[name]["domain"] = domain
if expires_days is not None and not expires:
expires = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(
days=expires_days)
if expires:
timestamp = calendar.timegm(expires.utctimetuple())
new_cookie[name]["expires"] = email.utils.formatdate(
timestamp,localtime=False,usegmt=True)
if path:
new_cookie[name]["path"] = path
def clear_cookie(self,name,path="/",domain=None):
"""Deletes the cookie with the given name."""
expires = datetime.datetime.utcnow() - datetime.timedelta(days=365)
self.set_cookie(name,value="",path=path,expires=expires,
domain=domain)
def clear_all_cookies(self):
"""Deletes all the cookies the user sent with this request."""
for name in self.cookies.iterkeys():
self.clear_cookie(name)
def set_secure_cookie(self,name,value,expires_days=30,**kwargs):
"""Signs and timestamps a cookie so it cannot be forged"""
timestamp = str(int(time.time()))
value = base64.b64encode(value)
signature = self._cookie_signature(name,value,timestamp)
value = "|".join([value,timestamp,signature])
self.set_cookie(name,value,expires_days=expires_days,**kwargs)
def get_secure_cookie(self,name,include_name=True,value=None):
"""Returns the given signed cookie if it validates,or None"""
if value is None:value = self.get_cookie(name)
if not value:return None
parts = value.split("|")
if len(parts) != 3:return None
if include_name:
signature = self._cookie_signature(name,parts[0],parts[1])
else:
signature = self._cookie_signature(parts[0],parts[1])
if not _time_independent_equals(parts[2],signature):
logging.warning("Invalid cookie signature %r",value)
return None
timestamp = int(parts[1])
if timestamp < time.time() - 31 * 86400:
logging.warning("Expired cookie %r",value)
return None
try:
return base64.b64decode(parts[0])
except:
return None
uid=1234|1234567890|d32b9e9c67274fa062e2599fd659cc14
Parts:
1. uid is the name of the key
2. 1234 is your value in clear
3. 1234567890 is the timestamp
4. d32b9e9c67274fa062e2599fd659cc14 is the signature made from the value and the timestamp
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Tornado
从来就不是为了与 App Engine 一起使用(它是彻头彻尾的“自己的服务器”)。您为什么不选择一些适用于 App Engine 的框架(来自“go”一词),并且是轻量级且花哨的,例如 tipfy?它使用自己的用户系统或 App Engine 自己的任何用户
、OpenIn、OAuth 和 Facebook 为您提供身份验证;与安全 cookie 或 GAE 数据存储的会话;除此之外,所有这些都采用基于 WSGI 和 Werkzeug 的超轻量级“非框架”方法。有什么不喜欢的?!Tornado
was never meant to work with App Engine (it's "its own server" through and through). Why don't you pick instead some framework that was meant for App Engine from the word "go" and is lightweight and dandy, such as tipfy? It gives you authentication using its own user system or any of App Engine's ownusers
, OpenIn, OAuth, and Facebook; sessions with secure cookies or GAE datastore; and much more besides, all in a superbly lightweight "non-framework" approach based on WSGI and Werkzeug. What's not to like?!对于那些仍在寻找的人,我们仅提取了 Tornado cookie 实现,您可以将其与 ThriveSmart 的 App Engine 一起使用。我们已在 App Engine 上成功使用它,并将继续保持更新。
cookie 库本身位于:
http://github.com/thrivesmart/prayls/blob/master/ pleasers/lilcookies.py
您可以在我们包含的示例应用程序中看到它的运行情况。如果我们的存储库的结构发生变化,您可以在 github.com/thrivesmart/prayls 中查找 lilcookes.py
我希望这对那里的人有帮助!
For those who are still looking, we've extracted just the Tornado cookie implementation that you can use with App Engine at ThriveSmart. We're using it successfully on App Engine and will continue to keep it updated.
The cookie library itself is at:
http://github.com/thrivesmart/prayls/blob/master/prayls/lilcookies.py
You can see it in action in our example app that's included. If the structure of our repository ever changes, you can look for lilcookes.py within github.com/thrivesmart/prayls
I hope that's helpful to someone out there!
如果有人感兴趣的话,这很有效:
可以这样使用:
This works if anyone is interested:
It can be used like this:
如果您只想将用户的用户 ID 存储在 cookie 中(大概这样您就可以在数据存储中查找他们的记录),则不需要“安全”或防篡改 cookie - 您只需要一个足够大的命名空间使猜测用户 ID 变得不切实际 - 例如 GUID 或其他随机数据。
一个预制选项是 Beaker,它使用数据存储区进行会话存储。或者,如果您确实只需要存储用户 ID,则可以使用 set-cookie/cookie 标头自行处理此问题。
If you only want to store the user's user ID in the cookie (presumably so you can look their record up in the datastore), you don't need 'secure' or tamper-proof cookies - you just need a namespace that's big enough to make guessing user IDs impractical - eg, GUIDs, or other random data.
One pre-made option for this, which uses the datastore for session storage, is Beaker. Alternately, you could handle this yourself with set-cookie/cookie headers, if you really just need to store their user ID.
最近有人从 Tornado 中提取了身份验证和会话代码,并专门为 GAE 创建了一个新库。
也许这超出了您的需要,但由于他们是专门为 GAE 做的,您不必担心自己要进行调整。
他们的图书馆叫做 gaema。以下是他们于 2010 年 3 月 4 日在 GAE Python 小组中发布的公告:
http: //groups.google.com/group/google-appengine-python/browse_thread/thread/d2d6c597d66ecad3/06c6dc49cb8eca0c?lnk=gst&q=tornado#06c6dc49cb8eca0c
Someone recently extracted the authentication and session code from Tornado and created a new library specifically for GAE.
Perhaps this is more then you need, but since they did it specifically for GAE you shouldn't have to worry about adapting it yourself.
Their library is called gaema. Here is their announcement in the GAE Python group on 4 Mar 2010:
http://groups.google.com/group/google-appengine-python/browse_thread/thread/d2d6c597d66ecad3/06c6dc49cb8eca0c?lnk=gst&q=tornado#06c6dc49cb8eca0c