我们可以将工作流服务托管为 Windows 服务吗？

Question

我正在开发一个日志记录应用程序，它要求我有一个作为服务公开的工作流（工作流服务）。我们希望将其托管为 Windows 服务（不希望将工作流服务托管为 IIS 中的 .svc 文件）。将其作为 Windows 服务的另一个原因是能够通过命名管道与服务进行通信。

我们可以通过命名管道公开工作流服务而不将其托管在 IIS 中吗？

Answer 1

是的，你当然可以。至少，我在 Workflow 4 Release Candidate 中取得了同样多的成就。

考虑一下，

// a generic self-hosted workflow service hosting thingy. Actual
// implementation should contain more logging and thread safety, this
// is an abbreviated version ;)
public class WorkflowHost
{

    // NOTE: with Workflow, it helps to maintain a concept of
    // Workflow definition [the Activity or WorkflowService from
    // a designer] and a Workflow instance [what is running within
    // WorkflowInvoker, WorkflowApplication, WorkflowServiceHost].
    // a definition may be used to generate an instance. an instance
    // contains run-time state and cannot be recycled into a new
    // instance. therefore, to repeatedly re-host a WorkflowService
    // we need to maintain references to original definitions and
    // actual instances. ergo services and hosts maps
    // 
    // if you are special purpose and require support for one and 
    // only one service and endpoint\uri, then you may reduce this 
    // to a simple tuple of Uri, WorkflowService, WorkflowServiceHost

    // services represents a definition of hosted services
    private readonly Dictionary<Uri, WorkflowService> _services = 
        new Dictionary<Uri, WorkflowService> ();

    // hosts represents actual running instances of services
    private readonly Dictionary<Uri, WorkflowServiceHost> _hosts = 
        new Dictionary<Uri, WorkflowServiceHost> ();

    // constructor accepts a map of Uris (ie service endpoints) to
    // workflow service definitions
    public WorkflowHost (IDictionary<Uri, WorkflowService> services)
    {
        foreach (KeyValuePair<Uri, WorkflowService> servicePair in services)
        {
            _services.Add (servicePair.Key, servicePair.Value);
        }
    }

    // have your windows service invoke this to start hosting
    public void Start ()
    {
        if (_hosts.Count > 0)
        {
            Stop ();
        }

        foreach (KeyValuePair<Uri, WorkflowService> servicePair in _services)
        {
            WorkflowService service = servicePair.Value;
            Uri uri = servicePair.Key;
            WorkflowServiceHost host = new WorkflowServiceHost (service, uri);

            host.Open ();

            _hosts.Add (uri, host);
        }
    }

    // have your windows service invoke this to stop hosting
    public void Stop ()
    {
        if (_hosts.Count > 0)
        {
            foreach (KeyValuePair<Uri, WorkflowService> servicePair in 
                _services)
            {
                WorkflowService service = servicePair.Value;
                Uri uri = servicePair.Key;

                IDisposable host = _hosts[uri];
                host.Dispose ();
            }

            _hosts.Clear ();
        }
    }
}

我相信端点配置可以通过 App.config 中的标准 Wcf 服务配置部分进行设置。在我的工作流实验中，我个人并未尝试更改默认传输层。

上面代表了一个通用的纯托管类[即它自托管WorkflowServices]。这使我们能够在控制台、WinForm、WPF 甚至 WindowsService 应用程序中重复使用此托管功能。下面是一个利用我们的主机类的 WindowsService

// windows service. personally i would abstract service behind
// an interface and inject it, but again, for brevity ;)
public partial class WorkflowWindowsService : ServiceBase
{
    WorkflowHost _host;

    public WorkflowWindowsService ()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        Dictionary<Uri, WorkflowService> services = 
            new Dictionary<Uri, WorkflowService> ();

        // do your service loading ...

        // create host
        _host = new WorkflowHost (services);
    }

    protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
    {
        _host.Start ();
    }

    protected override void OnStop()
    {
        _host.Stop ();
    }
}

如果您在 VS2010RC 中摆弄过 WorkflowServices，那么您可能已经知道 WorkflowServices 不像它们的 Workflow 表亲那样是一流的 Xaml 类。相反，它们被保存为带有 .xamlx 扩展名的松散 Xaml 文件。 [据我所知] WorkflowServices 没有设计时智能感知支持，并且不被识别为声明类型，因此我们在运行时加载 WorkflowService 的唯一选择是

• 从 .xamlx 文件中读取纯 Xaml 标记，直接
• 读取纯 Xaml来自其他源的标记[嵌入字符串、资源或其他源]

无论哪种方式，我们都必须解释标记并创建 WorkflowService 定义。以下代码会将字符串 [可能是文件名或标记] 转换为 WorkflowService。热衷者可能还注意到，此过程与将工作流标记转换为工作流定义的过程之间存在差异。

// converts a string value [either pure xaml or filename] to a
// WorkflowService definition
public WorkflowService ToWorkflowService (string value)
{
    WorkflowService service = null;

    // 1. assume value is Xaml
    string xaml = value;

    // 2. if value is file path,
    if (File.Exists (value))
    {
        // 2a. read contents to xaml
        xaml = File.ReadAllText (value);
    }

    // 3. build service
    using (StringReader xamlReader = new StringReader (xaml))
    {
        object untypedService = null;

        // NOTE: XamlServices, NOT ActivityXamlServices
        untypedService = XamlServices.Load (xamlReader);

        if (untypedService is WorkflowService)
        {
            service = (WorkflowService)(untypedService);
        }
        else
        {
            throw new ArgumentException (
                string.Format (
                "Unexpected error reading WorkflowService from " + 
                "value [{0}] and Xaml [{1}]. Xaml does not define a " + 
                "WorkflowService, but an instance of [{2}].", 
                value, 
                xaml, 
                untypedService.GetType ()));
        }
    }

    return service;
}

Answer 2

是的，这是可能的。您必须创建自己的服务。请参阅 MSDN 上的托管和使用 WCF 服务，尤其是 部分在 Windows 服务中托管。