R6RS方案中如何抛出和处理异常

Question

R6RS 方案中抛出和捕获异常的标准方法是什么？我正在寻找适用于实现 R6RS 的任何版本的Scheme（不仅仅是PLT）的语法。

R6RS 保护语法 看起来像它可能符合要求，但有人可以向我展示如何实际使用它的示例吗？

Answer 1

guard 的语义是：

(guard (exception-object
       ((condition-1-to-test-exception-object) (action-to-take)
       ((condition-2-to-test-exception-object) (action-to-take)   
       ((condition-N-to-test-exception-object) (action-to-take)
       (else (action-for-unknown-exception)))

有一个辅助的 else 子句，我们在这里不使用。以下示例模拟典型文件 IO 操作可能引发的异常。我们安装一个guard来处理异常：

(define mode 0)

(define (open-file) 
  (if (= mode 1)
      (raise 'file-open-error)
      (display "file opened\n")))

(define (read-file)
  (if (= mode 2)
      (raise 'file-read-error)
      (display "file read\n")))

(define (close-file)
  (if (= mode 3)
      (raise 'file-close-error)
      (display "file closed\n")))

(define (update-mode)
  (if (< mode 3)
      (set! mode (+ mode 1))
      (set! mode 0)))

(define (file-operations)
  (open-file)
  (read-file)
  (close-file)
  (update-mode))

(define (guard-demo)
  (guard (ex 
          ((eq? ex 'file-open-error) 
           (display "error: failed to open file ") 
           (update-mode))
          ((eq? ex 'file-read-error) 
           (display "error: failed to read file ") 
           (update-mode))
          (else (display "Unknown error") (update-mode)))
         (file-operations)))

测试运行：

> (guard-demo)
file opened
file read
file closed
> (guard-demo)
error: failed to open file 
> (guard-demo)
file opened
error: failed to read file 
> (guard-demo)
file opened
file read
Unknown error
> (guard-demo)
file opened
file read
file closed

R6RS 第 7 章。