如果您不想从 Windows 进行转换，“湿身”的一个好方法是安装 Cygwin (www.cygwin.com)。 cygwin.com）在您的 Windows 计算机上并开始定期使用它（这里需要一些纪律，这不是最好的学习方式 - 但它有时很有用）。这还有一个额外的好处，即自动获取所有不错的 *NIX 实用程序，当您是一名程序员时，这些实用程序可以成为您的救星（awk、sed、bash、grep、tail、emacs，这样的例子不胜枚举……）。
Though as with any operating system, you don't really learn to get truly comfortable with it unless you actually start using it on a daily basis. You can learn the basics from books and online tutorials, but if you want it to feel "natural" you'll have to jump right in and start actually using it regulary.
A nice way to "wet your feet", if you don't want to convert from windows, is by installing Cygwin (www.cygwin.com) on your windows machine and start to use it regulary (some discipline is required here, and it's not the best way to learn - but it's useful now and then). This also has the added benefit of automatically getting all nice *NIX utilities that can be a lifesaver when you're a programmer (awk, sed, bash, grep, tail, emacs, the list goes on...).
In terms of learning some of the basic commands, you may find this post on superuser helpful. As for the directory structure, you may find this Wikipedia entry on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard useful.
我见过很多程序员在需要 Linux 发行版时使用 Ubuntu，而且几乎所有人都以“Windows 方式”而不是 Unix 方式使用它。 他们尽可能多地使用 GUI，没有阅读文档，也不关心事情是如何工作的。
如果您有动力并且有时间，我建议您使用更基本的发行版。 就我个人而言，我使用 Arch Linux 并且喜欢它，尽管它的软件包不太稳定。 另一个不错的选择是 Debian 或 Slackware。
这并不难。 几年前，我什至不知道 Linux 是什么，但一段时间后我已经能够毫无问题地日常使用它了。 您只需从基本的命令行系统开始，学习如何安装和配置程序，然后安装图形环境、浏览器、编辑器…… 由于您自己安装和配置了所有内容，因此您通常会了解错误的含义，而 Ubuntu 用户通常不知道哪些内容可能会损坏。
/!\ Ubuntu rant /!\
I've seen a lot of programmers using Ubuntu when they needed a Linux distro, and nearly all of them used it the "Windows way" instead of the Unix way. They used the GUI as much as possible, didn't read the docs, didn't care about how things work.
If you feel motivated and have the time, I suggest that you use a more basic distribution. Personnally I use Arch Linux and I love it, although its packages aren't exactly stable. Another good choix would be Debian or Slackware.
It's not that difficult. A few years ago, I didn't even exactly know what Linux was, but after some time I've been able to use it on a daily basis without any problem. You just start with a basic command-line system, learn how to install and configure programs, and then install a graphic environment, a browser, an editor, ... Since you installed and configured everything yourself, you usually understand what errors mean, while Ubuntu users generally have no idea how what might have broken.
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尽管与任何操作系统一样，除非您真正开始每天使用它，否则您无法真正学会真正熟悉它。您可以从书籍和在线教程中学习基础知识，但如果您希望它感觉“自然”，您就必须立即投入并开始定期实际使用它。
如果您不想从 Windows 进行转换，“湿身”的一个好方法是安装 Cygwin (www.cygwin.com)。 cygwin.com）在您的 Windows 计算机上并开始定期使用它（这里需要一些纪律，这不是最好的学习方式 - 但它有时很有用）。这还有一个额外的好处，即自动获取所有不错的 *NIX 实用程序，当您是一名程序员时，这些实用程序可以成为您的救星（awk、sed、bash、grep、tail、emacs，这样的例子不胜枚举……）。
Though as with any operating system, you don't really learn to get truly comfortable with it unless you actually start using it on a daily basis. You can learn the basics from books and online tutorials, but if you want it to feel "natural" you'll have to jump right in and start actually using it regulary.
A nice way to "wet your feet", if you don't want to convert from windows, is by installing Cygwin (www.cygwin.com) on your windows machine and start to use it regulary (some discipline is required here, and it's not the best way to learn - but it's useful now and then). This also has the added benefit of automatically getting all nice *NIX utilities that can be a lifesaver when you're a programmer (awk, sed, bash, grep, tail, emacs, the list goes on...).
Unix 简而言之 - Amazon
http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF- 8&q=unix+教程
Unix in a Nutshell - Amazon
http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=unix+tutorials
在学习一些基本命令方面，您可以找到 这篇文章超级用户很有帮助。至于目录结构，您可能会发现文件系统层次结构标准上的这个维基百科条目很有用。
In terms of learning some of the basic commands, you may find this post on superuser helpful. As for the directory structure, you may find this Wikipedia entry on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard useful.
/!\ Ubuntu rant /!\
我见过很多程序员在需要 Linux 发行版时使用 Ubuntu，而且几乎所有人都以“Windows 方式”而不是 Unix 方式使用它。
他们尽可能多地使用 GUI，没有阅读文档，也不关心事情是如何工作的。
如果您有动力并且有时间，我建议您使用更基本的发行版。
就我个人而言，我使用 Arch Linux 并且喜欢它，尽管它的软件包不太稳定。
另一个不错的选择是 Debian 或 Slackware。
这并不难。
几年前，我什至不知道 Linux 是什么，但一段时间后我已经能够毫无问题地日常使用它了。
您只需从基本的命令行系统开始，学习如何安装和配置程序，然后安装图形环境、浏览器、编辑器……
由于您自己安装和配置了所有内容，因此您通常会了解错误的含义，而 Ubuntu 用户通常不知道哪些内容可能会损坏。
/!\ Ubuntu rant /!\
I've seen a lot of programmers using Ubuntu when they needed a Linux distro, and nearly all of them used it the "Windows way" instead of the Unix way.
They used the GUI as much as possible, didn't read the docs, didn't care about how things work.
If you feel motivated and have the time, I suggest that you use a more basic distribution.
Personnally I use Arch Linux and I love it, although its packages aren't exactly stable.
Another good choix would be Debian or Slackware.
It's not that difficult.
A few years ago, I didn't even exactly know what Linux was, but after some time I've been able to use it on a daily basis without any problem.
You just start with a basic command-line system, learn how to install and configure programs, and then install a graphic environment, a browser, an editor, ...
Since you installed and configured everything yourself, you usually understand what errors mean, while Ubuntu users generally have no idea how what might have broken.