使用 Spring/Junit/JPA 进行依赖注入

Question

我正在尝试使用 Spring 2.5.6 和 JUnit 4.8.1 为我的 JPA DAO 类创建 JUnit 测试。

我的测试用例如下所示：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:config/jpaDaoTestsConfig.xml"} )
public class MenuItem_Junit4_JPATest extends BaseJPATestCase {

    private ApplicationContext context;
    private InputStream dataInputStream;
    private IDataSet dataSet;

    @Resource
    private IMenuItemDao menuItemDao;

    @Test
    public void testFindAll() throws Exception {
        assertEquals(272, menuItemDao.findAll().size());
    }

    ... Other test methods ommitted for brevity ...
}

我的 jpaDaoTestsConfig.xml 中有以下内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

  <!-- uses the persistence unit defined in the META-INF/persistence.xml JPA configuration file -->
  <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="CONOPS_PU" /> 
  </bean>

    <bean id="groupDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.GroupDao" lazy-init="true" />
    <bean id="permissionDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.PermissionDao" lazy-init="true" />
    <bean id="applicationUserDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.ApplicationUserDao" lazy-init="true" />
    <bean id="conopsUserDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.ConopsUserDao" lazy-init="true" />

    <bean id="menuItemDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.MenuItemDao" lazy-init="true" />

 <!-- enables interpretation of the @Required annotation to ensure that dependency injection actually occures -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>  

  <!-- enables interpretation of the @PersistenceUnit/@PersistenceContext annotations providing convenient
       access to EntityManagerFactory/EntityManager -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>

  <!-- transaction manager for use with a single JPA EntityManagerFactory for transactional data access
       to a single datasource -->
  <bean id="jpaTransactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
      <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
  </bean>

  <!-- enables interpretation of the @Transactional annotation for declerative transaction managment
       using the specified JpaTransactionManager -->
  <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="jpaTransactionManager" proxy-target-class="false"/>

</beans>

现在，当我尝试运行它时，我得到以下内容：

SEVERE: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@fa60fa6] to prepare test instance [null(mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.MenuItem_Junit4_JPATest)]
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.MenuItem_Junit4_JPATest': Injection of resource fields failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Specified field type [interface javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is incompatible with resource type [javax.persistence.EntityManager]
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:292)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:959)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:329)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:110)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:255)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:93)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.invokeTestMethod(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:130)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.runMethods(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:61)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner$1.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:54)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:34)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:52)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:45)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:460)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Specified field type [interface javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is incompatible with resource type [javax.persistence.EntityManager]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.checkResourceType(InjectionMetadata.java:159)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$PersistenceElement.(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:559)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$1.doWith(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:359)
    at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithFields(ReflectionUtils.java:492)
    at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithFields(ReflectionUtils.java:469)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.findPersistenceMetadata(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:351)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:296)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:745)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:448)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:409)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:219)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:380)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:264)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:221)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:261)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:185)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:168)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.autowireResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:435)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.getResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:409)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$ResourceElement.getResourceToInject(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:537)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:180)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.injectFields(InjectionMetadata.java:105)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:289)
    ... 18 more

它似乎告诉我它试图将 EntityManager 对象存储到 EntityManagerFactory 字段中，但我不明白如何或为什么。我的 DAO 类通过 @PersistenceContext 属性接受 EntityManager 和 EntityManagerFactory，并且如果我加载它们并在没有 @ContextConfiguration 属性的情况下运行它们（即，如果我只是使用 XmlApplcationContext 直接在 setUp 中加载 DAO 和 EntityManagerFactory，它们就会工作） ())。

任何见解将不胜感激。

Answer 1

这些是注释+接口的正确组合：

@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;


@PersistenceUnit
private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;

但是当使用spring的事务和实体管理器支持时，你根本不需要EntityManagerFactory。

您不需要 EntityManagerFactory 的原因是因为 EntityManager 的创建是事务管理器的责任。简而言之，

• 事务管理器在您的方法之前被触发，
• 事务管理器获取 EntityManagerFactory（它被注入其中），创建一个新的 EntityManager，设置在 ThreadLocal 中，并启动一个新事务。
• 然后，每当遇到 @PersistenceContext 时，它就会委托给服务方法
• ，并注入代理（在您的 Dao 中），无论何时访问，都会获取已设置的当前 EntityManager在ThreadLocal中

Answer 2

除了将 spring-aspects jar 添加到项目属性->Aspect Path 并在 sts 中启用 spring 方面之外，我还必须进行以下组合。当然，在我的应用程序上下文配置文件中，我定义了 Entitymanagerfactory。

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/META-INF/spring/applicationContext-domain.xml" })
公共类 ReaderTest 扩展 AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests {

@PersistenceContext
私有EntityManager实体管理器；

Answer 3

我也有同样的问题，当我添加 java-persistence api 时问题得到解决。

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
    <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.2</version>
</dependency>