为什么在 std::atomic 中使用 volatile 限定符?

发布于 2024-08-26 05:24:24 字数 730 浏览 4 评论 0原文

从我读到的 Herb Sutter其他人你可能会认为易失性和并发编程是完全正交的概念,至少就C/C++而言是这样。

但是,在 GCC 实现 中,所有 std:: atomic 的成员函数具有 volatile 限定符。 Anthony Williams 的 std 实现 也是如此::原子

那么,这是怎么回事,我的 atomic 变量是否需要是 volatile

From what I've read from Herb Sutter and others you would think that volatile and concurrent programming were completely orthogonal concepts, at least as far as C/C++ are concerned.

However, in GCC implementation all of std::atomic's member functions have the volatile qualifier. The same is true in Anthony Williams's implementation of std::atomic.

So what's deal, do my atomic<> variables need be volatile or not?

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评论(3

心房敞 2024-09-02 05:24:24

总结一下其他人正确编写的内容:

C/C++ 易失性 用于硬件访问和中断。 C++11 atomic 用于线程间通信(例如,在无锁代码中)。这两个概念/用途是正交的,但它们具有重叠的要求,这就是人们经常混淆两者的原因。

atomic 具有 volatile 限定函数的原因与它具有 const 限定函数的原因相同,因为原则上一个对象可以同时是 atomic > 以及const 和/或易失性

当然,正如我的文章所指出的,另一个令人困惑的来源是 C/C++ 易失性 与 C#/Java 易失性 不同(后者基本上是等价的)到 C++11 atomic)。

To summarize what others have correctly written:

C/C++ volatile is for hardware access and interrupts. C++11 atomic<> is for inter-thread communication (e.g., in lock-free code). Those two concepts/uses are orthogonal, but they have overlapping requirements and that is why people have often confused the two.

The reason that atomic<> has volatile-qualified functions is the same reason it has const-qualified functions, because it's possible in principle for an object be both atomic<> and also const and/or volatile.

Of course, as my article pointed out, a further source of confusion is that C/C++ volatile isn't the same as C#/Java volatile (the latter is basically equivalent to C++11 atomic<>).

随波逐流 2024-09-02 05:24:24

为什么在整个 std::atomic 中使用易失性限定符?

因此易失性对象也可以是原子的。请参阅此处

相关报价是

函数和操作被定义为与易失性对象一起使用,因此应该是易失性的变量也可以是原子的。然而,原子性不需要 volatile 限定符。

我的原子变量是否需要易失性

不,原子对象没有不稳定。

Why is the volatile qualifier used throughout std::atomic?

So that volatile objects can also be atomic. See here:

The relevant quote is

The functions and operations are defined to work with volatile objects, so that variables that should be volatile can also be atomic. The volatile qualifier, however, is not required for atomicity.

Do my atomic<> variables need to be volatile or not?

No, atomic objects don't have to be volatile.

辞慾 2024-09-02 05:24:24

与 const 一样,易失性是传递性的。如果将方法声明为 易失性,则无法对其或其任何成员属性调用任何非易失性方法。通过使用 std::atomic 方法 易失性,您允许从包含 std::atomic 的类中的 易失性 成员方法进行调用代码>变量。

我今天过得不太好……太令人困惑了……也许一个小例子有帮助:

struct element {
   void op1() volatile;
   void op2();
};
struct container {
   void foo() volatile {
      e.op1();  // correct
      //e.op2();  // compile time error
   }
   element e;
};

As const, volatile is transitive. If you declare a method as volatile then you cannot call any non-volatile method on it or any of its member attributes. By having std::atomic methods volatile you allow calls from volatile member methods in classes that contain the std::atomic variables.

I am not having a good day... so confusing... maybe a little example helps:

struct element {
   void op1() volatile;
   void op2();
};
struct container {
   void foo() volatile {
      e.op1();  // correct
      //e.op2();  // compile time error
   }
   element e;
};
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