Latex 中的特殊名称
在我的英语论文乳胶文件中，如何提及以下非英语单词：François、École Fédérale？
谢谢和问候！
In my english thesis latex file, how to mention the following non English words: François, École Fédérale?
Thanks and regards!
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传统的方法是使用重音添加宏：（
也可以编写
Fran\c{}cois或Fran\c cois；\c< /code> 宏不使用参数；大括号或空格只是让 LaTeX 看到正确的宏名称的技巧。）否则，请尝试以下操作：
并使用 UTF-8 编码直接键入重音符号。
字体和连字符存在许多或多或少微妙的问题。
The traditional way is to use the accent-adding macros:
(You can also write
Fran\c{}coisorFran\c cois; the\cmacro uses no parameter; the braces or space are just a trick to allow LaTeX to see the proper macro name.)Otherwise, try this:
and type the accents directly, with UTF-8 encoding.
There are a host of more-or-less subtle issues with fonts and hyphenation.
如果您不采用 UTF8 inputenc 路线，但发现自己编写了很多这些名称，我建议为它们定义宏。最简单的，你可以说
\newcommand\Francois{Fran\c cois}but then you need to be sure to use it as such:
\Francois{}so that any spaces afterwards don't get gobbled.另一方面，以下技术也非常有效（尽管我不能将其归功于发明 - 我最初在 Philip Taylor 在 BachoTeX 2009 的简短演讲中看到它）：
\makeatletter \let\latex@less< \catcode`<13 \def<{\ifmmode\latex@less\else\expandafter\find@name\fi} \def\find@name#1>{\@nameuse{name.#1}} \def\DefineName#1#2{\@namedef{name.#1}{#2}} \makeatother定义特殊名称
\DefineName{Francois}{Fran\c cois} \DefineName{Ecole Federale}{\'Ecole F\'ed\'erale}现在您可以使用例如和 稍后您可以在文本中使用它们，
您可以使您的标签（纯 ASCII 版本）成为您想要的任何内容 - 它们实际上不必与正确重音的名称相关。
EDIT: in response to the issue that misspelled names don't produce errors, you can change the definition of
\find@nameto\def\find@name#1>{\ifcsname name.#1\endcsname \@nameuse{name.#1}% \else \@latex@warning{Undefined name #1}% \fi}请注意，
\@latex@warning{...}可以更改为\@latex@error{...}\@eha，它会更强烈地抱怨。或者，如果您想假装是（或实际上是）一个包，您可以使用\Package(Warning|Error){} 代替\@latex@( warning|error)并且它不会再假装是内置的 LaTeX 错误。If you don't go the UTF8 inputenc route, and yet find yourself writing a lot of these names, I'd suggest defining macros for them. At the simplest, you can say
\newcommand\Francois{Fran\c cois}but then you need to be sure to use it as such:
\Francois{}so that any spaces afterwards don't get gobbled.On the other hand, the following technique works pretty well too (though I can't take credit for inventing it - I saw it originally in a short talk at BachoTeX 2009 by Philip Taylor):
\makeatletter \let\latex@less< \catcode`<13 \def<{\ifmmode\latex@less\else\expandafter\find@name\fi} \def\find@name#1>{\@nameuse{name.#1}} \def\DefineName#1#2{\@namedef{name.#1}{#2}} \makeatotherNow you can define special names using, e.g.
\DefineName{Francois}{Fran\c cois} \DefineName{Ecole Federale}{\'Ecole F\'ed\'erale}and later on you can use them in text with
You can make your tags (the plain ASCII versions) be whatever you want - they don't have to actually be related to the properly accented names.
EDIT: in response to the issue that misspelled names don't produce errors, you can change the definition of
\find@nameto\def\find@name#1>{\ifcsname name.#1\endcsname \@nameuse{name.#1}% \else \@latex@warning{Undefined name #1}% \fi}Note that
\@latex@warning{...}can be changed to\@latex@error{...}\@ehaand it will complain more forcefully. Or if you want to pretend to be (or actually be) a package you can use\Package(Warning|Error){<package name>}in place of\@latex@(warning|error)and it won't pretend to be a built-in LaTeX error anymore.